microbiology: bacteriology part 2

48問 • 1年前

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enterics: -enterobectetiaceae -vibrionacea chracteristics: -ability to ferment lactose (e. coli can ferment lactose but others do not) h2s producer

gram negative bacilli

fast lactose fermenter -normally found in GI -becomes pathogenic only whenthey reach tissues causes: -TRVELLER'S DIARRHEA -hemolytic uremic syndrome, verotoxin -watery diarrhea :uti :meningitis ::sepsis :common cause of HAP

e. coli

-present in respiratory tact and feces of about 5% odf normal individuals -2nd MOST COMMON CAUSE OF GRAM NEGATIVE SEPSIS -pneumoni

klebsiella pneumoniae

-slow lactose fermenter -PRODUCES HYDROGEN SULFIDE -the urinary tract is the most frequent site, often associated with an indwelling catheter -are also involved in intraabdominal infections and can caus SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS AND OSTEOMYELITIS

citrobacter freundii

-is the most common species of serratia found in hospitals, and the only pathogenic species of serratia -found in milk, ice cream, beverages, frozen unpasteurized fruit juices, and meat -producs pigment PRODIGOSIN most impostant cause of nasocomial innfection in both humns and veterinary medicine -human patients often linked to INTRAVENOOUS DRUG USE

serratia marcescens

typhoid fever

salmonella typhi

doc for salmonella typhi

all

sepsis

salmonella choleraesius

diarrhea/ gastroenteritis

s. enteriridis

-short motile rod, non-lactose fermenting, oxidase- ad h2s producing -produces tyical "SWARMING" growth on blood agar -ureas positive --very motile, ALKALINE URINE -common cause of UTI and nasoccomial infections

proteus mirabilis

-highly adapted to humans -acid resistant -shiga toxin: inactivates 60s ribosomes mostly motile; non lactose fermenter -s. sonni- produces h2s -forms acid in glucose and mannose -lives in GI of animals

shigella dysenteriae

is characterized by evere abdominal cramps and frequent, painful passage of low volume stools containing blood and mucos SHIGELLOSIS

shigella dysenteriae

-CAUSATIVE AGENT OF PLAGUE -spread to human by FLEA BITE diagnosed by wayson's stain which gives SAFETY PIN APPEARANCE -FI, V and W antigens are the major virulence factor

yersinia pestis

motile, obligate aerobic rods -occurs as single bacterium, in pairs or in short chains -flagellated, gram- rod -FLOURECIN AND PYOCYANIN -with glycocalyx slime layer exotoxin a is smilar to diphtheria toxin -cellulitis produces BLUE GREEN PUS and GRAPE LIKE, SWEET ODOR

pseodomonas aeruginosa

-small curved bacilli -oxidase (+); have polar flagella -require alkaline and saline contaning media for growth in lab

vibrionacae

septicema, wound infection

v. vulnificus

wound infection, external otitis

v. alginolyticus

-comma shaped morphology -chloragen overproduces cAMP -RICE WATER STOOLS -not an invasive infection

vibrio cholera

-CAUSES ULCERS (GASTRIC/ DUODENAL ULCERS) -comma shaped, oxidase+, urease positive -highly motile

helocobacter pylori

MDT for h. pylori

all

-CAUSES ASCENDING PARALYSIS AND GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROMME -"seagull's wings" polar flagella -grows at 42c -isolated on CAMPY or SKIRROW'S AGAR

c. jejuni

-CAUSES MENINGITIS, EPIGLOTTITIS, SEPTIC ARTHRITIS, SEPSIS -lab diagnosis: CHOCOLATE AGAR -small uniform coccobacillus -aerobic or facultative anaerobic -encapsulated -6 distinct antigenetic types -growth factors (x,v)

h. infuenzae

-WHOOPING COUGH -regan-lowe or bordet-gengou medium -component of DTaP -fastidious coccobacilli + capsule in virulent stains -strict aerobe oxidase +, urease -

borfetella pertussis

-most common ccause of infection following a bite or scratch from domestic pets -typically resultsin soft tisue infection -non mootile, facultative anaerobe -respiratory and other invasive innfections such as BACTEREMIA, MENINGITIS, and ENDORCARDITIS penicillin SENSITIVE RESISTANT STRAINS MAY BE TREATED WITH: cephalosphorin, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines

pasteurella multocida

-LEGIONNAIRE'S DISEASE and PONTIAC FEVER -dieterle;s silver stain -facultative intracellular -aerbic fastidious -NATURAL HABITAT IS WATER -grows intracellularly -grown on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar

legionella pneumophila

-BRUCELLOSIS, UNDULANT FEVER, MALTA FEVER --zoonotic, gram- coccobacilli -promarilu affecing goat, sheep, ccattle, buffalo, pigs, ttransmitted to a man by iirect contact with infected tissue via skin, and ingestion of infected milk via intestinal tract -IP+1-6 wks

brucella abostus

TULAREMIA -zoonotiic disea, transmitted to humans by biting anthropods, direct contact with animal tissue, inhalation of aerosols, or ingstion of contaminated food or water -gramm- coccobacili -RABBIT FEVER, DEER FLY FEVER

francisella tularensis

-"GONOCCOCUS" -glucose fermenter --produces an IgAase ad penicillinase plasmid -purulent exudate chcolate agar (THEYER MARTIN AGAR) -oxidase+ -pili-major virulence factor

n. gonorrhoea

-meningococcus -dlucose and maltose fermenter -piliated -WATERHOUSE-FRIEDRICHSEN SYNDROME (fulminant meningococcocemia)

n. meningitidis

-causes ear and upper and lower respiratory infections :OTITIS MEDIA on children :acute and chronic SINUSITIS at all ages : lower respiratory infection in adults with chronic lung disease -second most common cause of COPD -gram negative diplococci, glucose and non maltose fermmenter

moraxella catarrhalis

spiral, motile -have axial filaments 96 thin endoflagella)

spirochetes

-RELAPSING FEVER -transmitted by human body louse (pediculu humanus capitis and soft ticks) -highly felxible -can be cultured in fluid media (blood serum or tissue)

borrelia recurrentis

--LEPTOSPIROSIS -characterizedby biphasic illness initally presenting with fever, prostration, jaundice, hemmorrhage, and nephritis followed y aseptic meningitis -FLETCHER'S OR STUART'S MEDIA -tightly coiled, thin, flexible spiraled spirochetes forming one polared hooks end -can survive for weeks in alakaline ph water

leptospira interrogans

-LYME DISEASE (erythema migrans and bell's palsy -large, motile spirochetes ixodes recinus transmission -possesses antigenic variation -GIEMSA STAIN

borrelia burgdoferi

-normally ppresent in the mouth nut can cause disease if it enters tissue following an injury. (tooth extraction, tooth disease, root canal treatment, jaw surgery, or poor dental hygiene) -anaerobic bacterium

actinoomyces israelli

-pulmonary infection in immunocompromised -requires x factor only

nocardia asteroides

-CHANCROID/ SOFT CHANCRE (STD) -painful genital ulcer -requires x factr only

h. ducreyii

-t chain mycoplasma -requires 10% urea for growth -NON GONOCCOCAL URETHRITIS ON MALE -associated with lung disease in PREMATURE INFANTS of low birth weight

ureaplasma urealyticum

-bligate intracellular pathogen -has cell wall but lacks peptidoglycan -RESEMBLESGRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA -2forms: elemenntary body and reticular body -zoonotic, NATURAL DISEASE OF BIRDS

chlamydophila psitacci

-sexualy transmitted infection -causes LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM causes: CHRONIC KETAROCONJUNCTIVITIS

chlamydia trachomatis

small, obligate, intracellular -energy parasites -contain dna and rna -can synthesize own proteins

obligate intracellular bacteria

-pleomorphic coccobacilli -peptidoglycan-containing muraminic acid and diaminopimelic acid -growth enhanced by sulfonmides

rickettsia

smalles kown (bacteria) free-livinf, self-replicating prokaryotic cell -WALKING PENUMONIA (primary atypical pneumonia) -resistant too pen, ceph, vancomycinn -EATON REAGENT -detected using cold agglutins -lacks peptidoglycan cell wall can'e synthesize sterol -enclosed by lipid bilayer membrane

mycoplasma pneumoniae

-HANSEN'S DISEASE OR LEPROSY -lesion involves the coolerparts of the body. eg: ear lobes dx: lepromin skin test -route:nasal mucos secretion -IP: months to years

m. leprae

-typical acid fast bacilli, arranged in single, parallel bundles or in globular masses -non grown in non-living bacteriologic media -grown in lab animals

m. leprae

symptomatic, contagious, +ve blood and skin test *pulmonary *extrapulmonary

active tb

asymptomatic, non contagious, +ve clood and skin test *converts into active tb on 5-10% people with weakened immune system

latent tb

TUBERCULOSIS -LOWENSTEIN JENSEN MEDIUM -produces cord factor and sulfatides -niacin and heat ensitive catalase -acid fast bacillus -myolic acid in cell wall -SLENDER, SLUGHTLY CURVED ROD

m. tuberculosis

gastro

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