the study of pharmacotechnical factors in the drug products that ccan affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs -study of dosage forms and its dissolution properties

study of the pocess that a drug undergoes from the moment it enters the body unti it leaves - what the body doesto the drug

THE ONLY BIOPHARMACEUTICS PROCESS -the process of converting the drug product to its solution form -a highly modifiable process and is considered as one of the primary determinants of the onset of action and duration of action

rate and extent of drug entry into the sytemic circulation

movement of drug from systemic circulation to different compartments

process of converting drugs to a less active form

a space in the body pertaining to organs and tissues deemed as kinetically homogenous

*a measure of how much the concentration changes from one compartment to another

the process of removing or introducing a substance to a compartment

ionized

unionized

dominates when a substance is introduced to an environment with OPPOSITE ph

dominates when a substance isintrodced to an environment with the SAME ph

dissolution is governed by what equation

intrasynovial

intraarticular

intrathecal

lowest possible concentration to cause an effect

minimum toxic concentration is the highest concentration possible to cause an effect without any toxic effects

-high doseing frequency------ risk of noncompliace especially if polypharmacy -has the least lag time/liberation -fast onset, short duration

-follows immediate release graph but allows for a second release -fast onset

-lag time is longer than that of the immediate release graph but allows for a second release graph -slow onset, short duration

-used to lower frequency of dosing -fast onset, long duration

ratio of solubility in oil and water

high partition coefficient

low partition coefficient

ionized-water soluble

unionized-lipid soluble

amorphous form is more easily soluble than its crystallne form

recemic- equal portions of levo and dextro isomers

-makes nonpolar drugs soluble in polar solvents

compounnds containing water, making it easier to dissolve

creates a bigger compoud, making it less soluble

who proposed the theory of cell membranes

two layers of phospholipids wiith the hydrophilic heads faciing outside and the hydrophobic tails inside

the lipid bilayer has proteins embedded in the matrix

proteins embedded in the matrix are used as receptors and for transport

-most common but slowest -moves along the concentration gradient an therefore does not need ATP -does not need any carrier -based on fick's law of diffusion

-rate of diffusion is directly proportional to partition coefficient, surface area, concentration gradient -rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane

-stereo specific -competetive and saturable -follow michaeli menten kinetics

direction of facilitated diffusion

direction of active transport

-via water filled pores or channels -along the concentration gradient -solvent drag- ions move along the same direction as water -opposite charges -MW: 150-400 -transport system used by electrolytes

drug ions bind to endogenous ions to form a neutral complex which is uncharged and is capable of passive diffusion

-envagenation of cell membrane *phagocytosis *endocytosis *pinocytosis *exocytosis

the measure of rate and extent of drug entry into the sytemic circulation

maximum plasma concentration -most variable parameter -measures rate and extent

time it takes to reach cmax -measures rate

area under the curve -measures extent

the ratio of generic to innovator in terms of the pharmacokinetic parameters of biovailability

same in all aspects but may differ in excipients

same API, different dose or dosage form

same safety and efficacy- bioequivlent and phharmaceutical equivalent

different api, same drug class

classification of drugs based on dissolution and intestinal permeability, which affects absorption of the API

cardiac output regional blood flow

for acidic drugs

for hormones

allows exchange of nutrients between the mother and the fetus