-most common but slowest -moves along the concentration gradient an therefore does not need ATP -does not need any carrier -based on fick's law of diffusion

the measure of rate and extent of drug entry into the sytemic circulation

dominates when a substance is introduced to an environment with OPPOSITE ph

proteins embedded in the matrix are used as receptors and for transport

same API, different dose or dosage form

cardiac output regional blood flow

ionized-water soluble

study of the pocess that a drug undergoes from the moment it enters the body unti it leaves - what the body doesto the drug

ionized

the study of pharmacotechnical factors in the drug products that ccan affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs -study of dosage forms and its dissolution properties

direction of active transport

THE ONLY BIOPHARMACEUTICS PROCESS -the process of converting the drug product to its solution form -a highly modifiable process and is considered as one of the primary determinants of the onset of action and duration of action

rate and extent of drug entry into the sytemic circulation

low partition coefficient

intrathecal

area under the curve -measures extent

the process of removing or introducing a substance to a compartment

process of converting drugs to a less active form

the lipid bilayer has proteins embedded in the matrix

unionized

allows exchange of nutrients between the mother and the fetus

-follows immediate release graph but allows for a second release -fast onset

compounnds containing water, making it easier to dissolve

time it takes to reach cmax -measures rate

intraarticular

-makes nonpolar drugs soluble in polar solvents

*a measure of how much the concentration changes from one compartment to another

drug ions bind to endogenous ions to form a neutral complex which is uncharged and is capable of passive diffusion

ratio of solubility in oil and water

-used to lower frequency of dosing -fast onset, long duration

-via water filled pores or channels -along the concentration gradient -solvent drag- ions move along the same direction as water -opposite charges -MW: 150-400 -transport system used by electrolytes

minimum toxic concentration is the highest concentration possible to cause an effect without any toxic effects

-lag time is longer than that of the immediate release graph but allows for a second release graph -slow onset, short duration

unionized-lipid soluble

dissolution is governed by what equation

a space in the body pertaining to organs and tissues deemed as kinetically homogenous

two layers of phospholipids wiith the hydrophilic heads faciing outside and the hydrophobic tails inside

movement of drug from systemic circulation to different compartments

intrasynovial

-high doseing frequency------ risk of noncompliace especially if polypharmacy -has the least lag time/liberation -fast onset, short duration

-stereo specific -competetive and saturable -follow michaeli menten kinetics

amorphous form is more easily soluble than its crystallne form

lowest possible concentration to cause an effect

classification of drugs based on dissolution and intestinal permeability, which affects absorption of the API

-rate of diffusion is directly proportional to partition coefficient, surface area, concentration gradient -rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane

for hormones

recemic- equal portions of levo and dextro isomers

direction of facilitated diffusion

same in all aspects but may differ in excipients

different api, same drug class

-envagenation of cell membrane *phagocytosis *endocytosis *pinocytosis *exocytosis

who proposed the theory of cell membranes

high partition coefficient

creates a bigger compoud, making it less soluble

maximum plasma concentration -most variable parameter -measures rate and extent

for acidic drugs

the ratio of generic to innovator in terms of the pharmacokinetic parameters of biovailability

dominates when a substance isintrodced to an environment with the SAME ph

same safety and efficacy- bioequivlent and phharmaceutical equivalent