biopharmaceutics

59問 • 1年前

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the study of pharmacotechnical factors in the drug products that ccan affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs -study of dosage forms and its dissolution properties

biopharmaceutics

study of the pocess that a drug undergoes from the moment it enters the body unti it leaves - what the body doesto the drug

pharmacokinetics

THE ONLY BIOPHARMACEUTICS PROCESS -the process of converting the drug product to its solution form -a highly modifiable process and is considered as one of the primary determinants of the onset of action and duration of action

liberation

rate and extent of drug entry into the sytemic circulation

absorption

movement of drug from systemic circulation to different compartments

distribution

process of converting drugs to a less active form

metabolism

a space in the body pertaining to organs and tissues deemed as kinetically homogenous

compartments

*a measure of how much the concentration changes from one compartment to another

concentration gradient

the process of removing or introducing a substance to a compartment

transport

ionized

charged

unionized

uncharged

dominates when a substance is introduced to an environment with OPPOSITE ph

ionized

dominates when a substance isintrodced to an environment with the SAME ph

unionized

dissolution is governed by what equation

noyes-whitney

intrasynovial

joint fluid area

intraarticular

joint space

intrathecal

cerebrospinal

lowest possible concentration to cause an effect

minimum effective concentration

minimum toxic concentration is the highest concentration possible to cause an effect without any toxic effects

maximum therapeutic concentration

-high doseing frequency------ risk of noncompliace especially if polypharmacy -has the least lag time/liberation -fast onset, short duration

immediate release

-follows immediate release graph but allows for a second release -fast onset

bimodal release

-lag time is longer than that of the immediate release graph but allows for a second release graph -slow onset, short duration

delayed release

-used to lower frequency of dosing -fast onset, long duration

extnded release

ratio of solubility in oil and water

partition coefficient

high partition coefficient

lipid soluble

low partition coefficient

water soluble

ionized-water soluble

dissolution

unionized-lipid soluble

absorption

amorphous form is more easily soluble than its crystallne form

polymrphism

recemic- equal portions of levo and dextro isomers

chirality

-makes nonpolar drugs soluble in polar solvents

slt formation

compounnds containing water, making it easier to dissolve

hydrates

creates a bigger compoud, making it less soluble

complex formation

who proposed the theory of cell membranes

davson and danieli

two layers of phospholipids wiith the hydrophilic heads faciing outside and the hydrophobic tails inside

unit membrane theory/lipid bilayer

the lipid bilayer has proteins embedded in the matrix

fluid mosaic model

proteins embedded in the matrix are used as receptors and for transport

modified fuid mosaic

-most common but slowest -moves along the concentration gradient an therefore does not need ATP -does not need any carrier -based on fick's law of diffusion

passive diffusion

-rate of diffusion is directly proportional to partition coefficient, surface area, concentration gradient -rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane

fick's law

-stereo specific -competetive and saturable -follow michaeli menten kinetics

carrier-mediated transport

direction of facilitated diffusion

alonng the concentration gradient

direction of active transport

against the concentration gradient

-via water filled pores or channels -along the concentration gradient -solvent drag- ions move along the same direction as water -opposite charges -MW: 150-400 -transport system used by electrolytes

convective transport

drug ions bind to endogenous ions to form a neutral complex which is uncharged and is capable of passive diffusion

ion pair transport

-envagenation of cell membrane *phagocytosis *endocytosis *pinocytosis *exocytosis

vesicular transport

the measure of rate and extent of drug entry into the sytemic circulation

bioavailability

maximum plasma concentration -most variable parameter -measures rate and extent

cmax

time it takes to reach cmax -measures rate

tmax

area under the curve -measures extent

auc

the ratio of generic to innovator in terms of the pharmacokinetic parameters of biovailability

bioequivalence

same in all aspects but may differ in excipients

pharmaceutical equivalent

same API, different dose or dosage form

pharmaceutical alternative

same safety and efficacy- bioequivlent and phharmaceutical equivalent

therapeutic equivalent

different api, same drug class

therapeutic alternative

classification of drugs based on dissolution and intestinal permeability, which affects absorption of the API

biopharmaceutics classification system

cardiac output regional blood flow

physiological factors

for acidic drugs

albumin

for hormones

globulin

allows exchange of nutrients between the mother and the fetus

placetal barrier

gastro

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 100問 · 2年前

gastro