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75問 • 1年前

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viscous gelatinous layer composed of polysaccharde/ polypeptide

glycocalyx

external layer which isunorganized and loosely attached - also known as BIOFILM - responsibl for he attachment/ adherence to medical devices or structures: skin, heart valve, and iv catheters

slime layer

used in catheters; causative agent of prosthetic heartvalve endocarditis

staphylococcus epidermis

-prevents phaagocytosis - dherence to tissue surface -protects against classification - gram (-) and (+) -inhibits nutrients from moving out of cell - acts as barrier to toxic hydrophobic molecules

function of glycocalyx

organized, firmly attached; prevents phagocytosis -has k antigen - present in both ram (-) and (+)

capsule

capsul of streptococus pneumonae

vaccine (material)

capsule of baclllus anthracis

amino acid

organ of locomotion (motility) -run and tumble movement

flagella

antigen of flagella

protein present in flagella

flagellin

movement in response to the presence of a chemical

chemotaxis

single flagellum at one pole/ side

polar/ monotrichous

tuft of flagella atone pole/ side

lophotrichous

flagella all over (covers the entire surface of cell)

peritrichous

flagella atboth pole/ side

amphitrichous

tuft of flagella at both ends

amphilophotrichous

flagella at both ends that spiral tightly around the cell

endotrichous

no flagella

atrichous

-maintains cell integrity -regulates transport -specialized function (respiration, photosynthsis, protein secretion) -semi permeabl membrane -protcts the cell from osmotic pessure

cytoplasmmic membrane/ cell membrane

cytoplasmic membrane is composed of

phospholipids

contains the enzyme, sorage granules, viscous acqueous suspension of protein, nucleic acid, dissolve organic compounds, mineral salts

cytoplasm

also known as metachromatic/ volutin granules

storage granules

what does storage granules store

inorgnic polyphosphate

conc: 0.9% NaCl - no net movement of water occurs

isotonic solution

water moves out of the cell; cytoplasm shrinks -aka: shrinkage or crenation of blood cell

hypertonic solution

water move INTO the cell; -strong cell wall contained : SWELLING -weak cell wall: cell bursts aka: cell lysis

hypotonic solution

-process of producing an endospore by an active bacterial cell. - vegetative cells form an endospore

sporulation/ sporogenesis

-process by which bacterial endospore returns to its vegetative state - edospore becomes vegetative cells/ immature cells

germination

outer covering of most bacterial, fungal, algal, and plant cells -gives shape and resistance to lysis by osmotic shck

cell wall

acid fast organism- myclic acid in their cell wall

mycobacterium

too small to be stained

spirochetes

no cell wall

mycoplasma

smallest bacteria

m pneumonae

m. tubercolosis

lowenstein medium

n gonorrhea, n meningitidis

modified thayer martin

designedto selectively isolate gram (-) and enteric bacteria and differentiate them based on lactose fermentation

macconkey agar

leptospira interrogans

fletcher's media

haemophilus influenzae

chocolate agar

"external DNA" released by dead donor organisms taken up by recipient cells. -involves direct uptake of donor DNA by recipient cells which depends on their competence for transformation

transformation

-directcell to cell contact requiring a pilus/pli -involves two live bacteria, donor and recipient, with THE TRANSFER OF GENETIC MATERIAL FROM A PLASMID. -rolling circle method -DNA is transferred and the F- is converted to F+

conjugation

doner DNA is carried and transferred to the recipient cell by a replicating virus (transducing phage/ bacteriophage- virus infecting the bacteria)

transduction

-segments of DNA -process of transferring genes through the so called "jumping genes" or TRANSPOSON -move or transfer to another location in a DNA strand

transposition

-changes in DNA sequence which may include base substitution, deletions, insertions and arrangements purine and pyrimidine bases- causes antibiotic resistance

mutations

SUDDEN unexpected occurence of disease in a population

outbrak

a disease that exists PERMANENTLY in a PARTICULAR REGION orr POPULATION

endemic

an outbreak of disease that attacks many people at about the same time and SPREAD THROUGH ONE AT SEVERAL COMMUNITIES

epidemic

when epidemic spreads through the WORLD

pandemic

with oxygen (20-21%) eg: B. subtilis, M. tuberculosis

obligate aerobes

with or withut oxygen eg: e. coli, n. meningitidis

facultative bacteria

requires small amount of oxygen (1-15%)

microaerophilic bacteria

does not require oxygen but can survive in oxygen eg: clostridium and bacillus

aerotolerant

without oxygen

obligate anaerobes

pH 1-15 (acetobacter aceti)

acidophiles

ph 5.5-8 ( e. coli, staphylococcus, salmonella)

neutrophils

pH 8.5

basophiles

pH 11.5 (bacillus pseudofirmus)

alkalophiles

incree salt concentration

halophiles

require a high salt concentration for growth

extreme halophiles

requres high osmotic pressure such as high concetration of nACl

obligate halophiles

1-2% salt only

facultative halophiles

organisms that can produce their own foods from the substances available in their surrooundings using light (photosynthesis) or chemical energy (chemosynthesis)

autotrophs

primary carbon source of autorophs

co2

cannot synthesize their own food and rely on other organisms

heteotrophs

primary carbon source of heterotrophs

organic compounds

LIGHT as energy source (photosynthetic)

phototrophs

CHEMICALS (organic compounds) as energy source

chemotrophs

uses light as its source of energy and co2 as its carbon source from the sun

photoautotrophs

uses light ass its energy and an organic carbon source such as alcohool, fatty acids (as organic compounds) and carbohydrate (carbon)

photoheterotrophs

uses electrons from an inorganic chemical as an energy source and co2 as a carbon source

cheoautotrophs

uses electrons from hydrogen atom in inorganic ompounds as thei ebergy source

chemoheterotrophs

spherical

cocci

rod shaped

bacili

flexible spiral

spirochetes

coma shaped

vibrio

can change shape and exhibits plasticity

pleomorphic

gastro

Hannah Angelique Losaria · 100問 · 2年前

gastro