sg2

49問 • 2年前

問題一覧

refers to the values ,beliefs ,customs ,arts and other products of human thought and work that characterize the people of a given society

culture

is a situation or event in which a cultural misunderstanding put some human value and stake

cross-cultural risk

it is a process of learning the rules and behavioral patterns appropriate to one's society

socialization

is the process of adjusting and adapting to a culture rather than one's way

acculturation

dimension of culture

values and attitudes, manners and customs, time and space perception, symbolic, material , and creative expression, education, religion

represents a person's judgments about what is good or bad, acceptable or unacceptable , important or unimportant ,normal or abnormal . - are the basis for our motivational behavior or values guide the development of our attitudes and preferences

values

similar to opinions that are often unconsciously held may not be based on logical facts. prejudices are rigidly held attitudes , usually unfavorable and usually aimed at the particular groups of people

attitudes

ways of behaving and conducting oneself in public and business situations

manners and customs

time has strong influence on business it affects people expectation about planning scheduling , profit flows and promptness in arriving forward and meetings

perceptions of time

a rigid orientation to time in which the individual is focused on schedules ,punctuality ,time as a resource, time is linear, "time is gold" ex. people in the us and hurried and impatient

monochronic

a flexible, nonlinear orientation to time in which the individual takes a long-term prospective; time is elastic, long delays tolerated before taking action. punctuality is relatively unimportant. relationship are valued.

polychronic

symbols can be letters figures and other characters that communicate the meaning . ex. cross is the main symbol of christianity - can represent nations religious or corporation and they can help to unite people

symbolic reductions

takes place and various ways especially through lessons and behavior acquired from parents, family and peers.

education

refers to the pattern of social arrangement and organize relationships that characterized as society.

social structure

is unspoken and includes facial expressions and gestures, body movements eye-contact physical distance and posture

non-verbal communication

is a system of common beliefs or attitudes concerning a being or a system of a thought that people considered sacred, divine or the highest truth and includes the moral ,codes, values, institutions, traditions, and rituals associated with this system

religion

cultures affect in international business

managing employees, communicating and interacting with foreign business partners, negotiating and structuring international business ventures, preparing for international trade fairs and exhibitions, screening and selecting foreign distribution and other partners, interacting with current and potential customers from abroad

refers to a distinctive tradition or institutions that is too strongly associated with a particular society. - it is guide to disappearing people's attitudes values and behavior

cultural metaphors

rely heavily on spoken words and detailed verbal explanation. these cultures use specific, legalistic contracts to conclude agreements

low-context cultures

emphasize nonverbal messages and view communication as a means to promote smooth, harmonious relationships. they prefer an indirect polite style that emphasized mutual respect and care for others

high-context cultures

refers to whether a person functions primarily as an individual or as part of the group

individualism vs collectivism

which persons tends to focus on his or her own self-interest and ties among people are relatively loose.

individualistic societies

ties among individuals are highly valued , the group is all important because life is a cooperative experience.

collectivist societies

refers to the extent to which people can tolerate risk and uncertainty's in their lives

uncertainty avoidance

create institutions to minimize risk and ensure security . Firms emphasize stable careers and regulate worker actions. Decisions are made slowly

high uncertainty avoidance

managers are relatedly entrepreneurial and comfortable with risk. firms make decisions quickly . people are comfortable changing jobs

low uncertainty avoidance societies

refers to society's orientation based on traditional male and female values

masculinity vs feminity

value competitiveness ambitions, assertiveness and accommodation of wealth. both men and women are assertive focus on career and earning money example : usa, japan, australia.

masculine cultures

emphasize nurturing roles and their interdependence among people and caring for less fortunate people - for men and women . example: china ,scandinavian countries where will fare system highly develop and education is subsidized

feminine cultures

describe the degree to which people and organization defer gratification to achieve long-term success

long-term vs short term orientation

emphasize the long view in planning and living , focusing on years and decades

long-term orientation

is typical in the United States and most other Western countries

short-term orientation

describes the degree to which people in a society attempt to control their impulse and desires

indulgence vs restraint

allow relatively free gratification of their basic and natural human desires related to having fun and generally enjoying life

members of indulgence societies

believe that such gratification should be crubed and regulated by stickers

restrained societies

managers focus on the task at hand, are impersonal , typical used contacts and want to just "get down to business"

deal-oriented cultures

managerial affiliations with people, rapport and getting to know the other party in business interactions. relationships are more important than the individual deals.

relationship-oriented cultures

refers to using our own culture as the standard for judging other cultures

ethnocentric orientation

a mindset in which the manager develops a greater affinity for the country in which he or she works than for the home country

polycentric orientation

I'm global mindset in which the manager is able to understand a business or market without regard to national boundaries

geocentric orientation

ability to tolerate uncertainty and lack of clarity in the thinking and actions of others

tolerance for ambiguity

ability to closely observe and comprehend subtle information in the speech and behavior of others

perceptiveness

ability to appreciate personal relationship which are often more important than achieving one time goals or winning arguments

valuing personal relationships

ability to be creative in devices innovative solutions, be open minded about outcomes and show "grace under pressure

flexibility and adaptability

managerial guidelines for across alternatives success

acquire factual and interpretive knowledge about the other culture ; try to speak their language, avoid cultural bias, develop cross-cultural skills such as perspectiveness, interpersonal skills and adaptability

personality treats for cross-cultural proficiency

tolerance for ambiguity, perceptiveness, valuing personal relationships, flexibility and adaptability

describe how a society deals with inequalities and power that exist among people

power distance

exhibit big gaps between the weak and the powerful in firms , top management tends to autocratic , giving little autonomy to lower level employees ex. malaysia and guatemala

high power distance societies

how small gaps between the weak and powerful firms, tend to wired organizational structures with relatively equal relationship between managers and workers

low-power distance societies

Sg1

Jennie Rose Carpo · 24問 · 2年前

Sg1