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37問 • 1年前

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it was reputedly _______, one time boss of ______ the uk base retail organization who sell there are three important things and retailing :location location and location

lord sieff, marks and spencer

reason for allocation decisions

changes in demand changes in supply

a change in location may be prompted by customer demand shifting . changes in the volume of demand can also prompt relocation to meet higher demand and operation could expand it existing site choose a larger side in another location, or keep it existing location and find a second location for an additional operation the last two options will involve a location decision

change in demand

the other stimulus for recreation is changes in the cause of availability of supply of inputs to the operation a manufacturing company might choose to replicate operations to a part of the world while labor cause are low because the equivalent resources in its original location have been become relatively expensive

change in the supply

the objectives of the location decision

the specially variable cost of the operation the service the operation is able to provide it to its customers the revenue potential of the operation

means that something changes with geographical location

spatially variable

supply side influence

labor cost land cost energy cost transportation cost community factors

the cost of employing people with particular skills can vary between different areas in any country but are likely to be more significant when international comparison are made

labour cost

labour cost can be expressed in two ways

hourly cause unit cost

is what firms have to pay workers on average per hour

hourly cost

is an indication of the labor cost per unit of Production

unit cost

the cost of acquiring the sites itself is sometimes a relevant factor in choosing a location

land costs

operations which use large amounts of energy such as aluminum smelters can be influenced in their location decision by the availability of relatively and experiences energy this may be direct as in the availability of hydroelectric generation in an area or indirect such as low cost coal which can be used to generate expensive electricity

energy cost

include both the cost of transporting inputs from their source to the site of the operation and the cost of transporting goods from the site to customers

transportation costs

are those influence on an operations cost which derive from the social political and economic environment of its sites

community factors

community factors includes

local tax government financial and planning assistance political stability and local attitude to in wide investment language availability of support services history of labour relationships and behavior environmental restrictions and waste disposal

demand side influences

labor skills the suitability of the site itself image of the location convenience for customers

the abilities of a local labor force can have an effect on customer reaction to the services or products which reach the operation produces

labour skills

different different sites are likely to have a different intrinsic characters which can affect an operations ability to serve customers and generate revenue for example the location of a luxury result hotel which offers up market holiday accommodation is very largely dependent on the intrinsic characteristic of the site located next to the beach surrounded by waving palm trees and overlooking a pictures bay the hotel is very attractive to its customers for it a few kilometers away into the center of the industrial state and it rapidly closes its attractions

the suitability of the site itself

some location are firmly associated in customized minds with a particular image the product and fashion design houses of milan and the financial services in the city of london also enjoy a reputation shape finally by that of their location

image of the location

of all the demand side factors this is for many operations the most important locating and general hospital for instance in the middle of the spenceride may have many advantages for its staff and even perhaps for its cost but it clearly would be a inconvenient to its customers those visiting the hospital with need to travel long distances this means that general hospital are located close to centers of demand

convenience for customers

of an operation or process means how it's transformed resources are positions relative to each other and how its various tasks are located to this transforming resources

layout

the large extent the objectives any but there are some general objectives which are relevant to all Operation

inherit safety length of flow staff conditions management coordination accessibility use of space long time flexibility

all process which might constitute a danger to either staff or customer should not be accessible to the unauthorized

inherent safety

the flow of materials information or customers should be appropriate for the operation this usually means minimizing the distance traveled by transform resources

length of flow

all flow of customers and materials should be well signposted clear and evident to stop and customers alike

clarity of flow

staff should be located away from noisy or unpleasant parts of the operation

staff conditions

server vision and communication should be assisted by the location of staff and communication devices

management coordination

all machines and facilities should be accessible for proper cleaning and maintenance

accessibility

all layout should use space appropriately this usually means minimizing the space use but sometimes can mean achieving an impression of species luxury as in the entrance lobby of a high class hotel

use of space

layouts need to be changed periodically a good layout will have been devised with the possible future needs of the operation in mind

long term flexibility

basic layout types

fixed position layout functional layout cell layout line layout also called product layout mixed layouts

in some ways a contradiction in terms since the form resources do not move between the transforming resources instead of materials information or customer flowing through an operation the recipient of the processing as a stationary and the equipment machinery plan and people who do not the processing move as necessary

fixed - position layout

cold because it confirms to the needs and convenience of the functions performed by the transforming resources within the processes s imilar resources are processes are related together this may be because it is convenient to a group them together or that the utilization of transforming the sources is improved

functional layout

is one where the transformer resources entering the operation are please selected or pre-selected themselves to move to one part of the operation or cell in which all the transforming resources to meet their immediate processing needs are located after being processed in the cell the transform resources may go on to another cell in effect ______ is an attempt to bring some order to the complexity of flu which characterized functional

cell layout

also called product layout involves locating the transforming resources entirely for the convenience of the transform resources customer products are pieces of information follow a pre-arranged root in which the sequence of activities that are required matches the sequence in which the process have been located the transform resources flow as in a line through the process flow is predictable and therefore relatedly easy to control

line layout

many operations either design themselves hybrid layouts which combine elements of some are all of the basic layout types are used to pure basic layout types in different parts of the operation

mixed layout

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Jennie Rose Carpo · 24問 · 2年前

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