sg 3-4

Jennie Rose Carpo · 24問 · 2年前

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study of how a country manage its affairs by using its political, economic and legal systems

political economy

includes the structures processes and activities by which a nation govern itself.

political system

three political ideologies

anarchism, totalitarian, plurarism

the belief that on individuals and private groups should control nations political activities - government as unnecessary an unwanted because it's tramples personal liberties

anarchism

the belief that every aspects of people's lives must be control for a nations political system to be effective -includes authoritarian regimes such as communism and fascism

totalitarian

the belief that both private and public groups play important roles in a nation's political activities - include democracies , constitutional monarchies and some aristocracies

pluralism

it consists of the structure and process that it uses to allocate its resources and conduct its commercial activities

economic system

three types of economic system

centrally planned economy, mixed economy, market economy

is a system in which a nations land factories and other economic resources are owned by the government -specify production goals for factories and other production units and they even decide prices

centrally planned economy

is a system in which land , factories and other economic resources are gathered equally split between private and government ownership - the government owns you work economic resources than does the government in a centrally planned economy

mixed economy

the majority of nation's land, factories and other economic resources are privately owned either by individuals or businesses -this means that who produces what and the prices of the products, labor and capital in a __________are determined by the interplay of two forces

market economy

the quantity of a good and services that produces are willing to provide at a specific selling price

supply

the quantity of a good or services that buyers are willing to purchase at a specific selling price

demand

set a laws and regulations including the processes by which its laws are enacted and enforce and the ways in which its courts hold parties accountable for their actions

legal systems

a legal system based on religious teaching

theocratic law

is a property that results from people's intellectual talent and abilities

intellectual property

the legal rights to resources and any income they generate

property rights

includes patents and trademarks which are often a firm's most valuable assets

industrial property

is a right granted to the inventor of a product or processes that exclude others from making, using or selling the invention

patent

are words or symbols that distinguish a product and its manufacturer

trademarks

give creators of original works the freedom to publish or dispose of them as they choose

copyrights

______ in most countries set and standards that manufactured products must meet

product safety laws

is the responsibility of manufacturers, sellers, individuals and others for damage ,injury or death caused by defective products

product liability

tax livied on each party that adds value to a product throughout its production and distribution

value added tax

__________ try to provide consumer with wide variety of products at fair prices

antitrust regulations

is a personal behavior in accordance with guidelines for good conduct or morality

ethical behavior

is the practice of going beyond legal obligation to actively balance commitments to investors, customers, other companies and communities

corporate social responsibility (CSR)

csr three layers of activity

traditional philanthropy, risk management, strategic csr

corporate donates money and perhaps employee time to word as specific social cause

traditional philanthropy

company develops a code of conduct that it will follow in its global operations and agrees to operate with greater transparency

risk management

which a business builds social responsibility into its core operation to create value and build competitive advantage

strategic csr

name for its main supporter , the late economists melton friedman says that a company's sole responsibility is to maximize profits for its owner while operating within the law

friedman view

says the company should adopt local ethics wherever it operates because all belief system are determine within cultural context

cultural relativist view

says that company should in maintain its home country ethics wherever it operates because the home-country view of ethics and responsibilities is superior to other views

righteous moralist view

say that company should behave in a way that maximize "good" outcomes and minimize "bad" outcomes wherever it

utilitarian view

ethics and social responsibility key issues

bribery and corruption, labor conditions and human rights, fair trade practices, environment

is an increase in the economic well-being, quality of life, and general welfare our nations people - requires economic growth, which is can prevent increase in the goods and services that a society products

economic development

countries that are highly industrialized and highly efficient and whose people enjoy a high quality of life

developed countries

countries that have recently increased the function of their national production and exports derived from industrial operations

newly industrialized country

newly industrialized countries + those with the potential to become newly industrialized

emerging markets

nations with the poorest and fractures and lowest personal incomes also called ______

developing countries

use of the latest technology in some sectors of the economy couple with the use of updated technologies in orders

technological dualism

classification of countries

developed countries, newly industrialized countries, developing countries

is the value of all goods and services produced by a domestic economy over a 1-year period

gross domestic product

is the value of all goods and services produced by a domestic economic including the nation's income, generated from experts, imports and the international operation of its company over a 1-year period

gross national product

it's gdp divided by its population to measure a nation's income per person

gdp per capita

a measure that is similar to gnp per capita

gross national income

uncounted transaction

volunteer work, unpaid household work, illegal activities such as gambling and black market (underground) transaction, unreported transactions conducted in cash

is the value of goods and services that can purchase with unit of country's currency

purchasing power

is the relative ability of two countries currencies to by the same basket of goods and those two countries

purchasing power parity (ppp)

adjusting figures on national production for purchasing power provide numerical measures for comparing nations but it doesn't capture developments qualitative aspects

human development

the measure of the extent to which a government equitability provides its people with the long and healthy life , and education and standard of living

human development index (hdi)

involves changing and nations fundamental economic organization and creating entirely new free markets institution

economic transition

key obstacle for countries and transition

managerial expertise, shortage of capital, cultural differences, sustainability

is the likelihood that a society will undergo political change that negatively affects local business activity

political risk

two broad categories of political reflect the range of companies each effects

macro risk, micro risk

threatens the activities of all domestic and international companies in every industry

macro risk

threatens companies only within a particular industry

micro risk

main sources of political risk

conflict and violence, terrorism and kidnapping, property seizure, policy changes, local content requirements

can can discourage international companies from investing in a nation and set back economic development significantly

conflict

disturbance impaired accompanies the ability to manufacture and distribute products obtained materials and equipment and recruit talented personnel

violence

means of making political statements satisfied with the current political or social situation sometimes resort to terrorist tactics in order to force change through fear and destruction

terrorism

the taking of whole stage for ransom may be used to find a terrorist groups activities

kidnapping

the force transfer of assets from a company to the government without compensation

confiscation

the force transferees of assets from a company to the government with compensation

expropriation

the government takeover of an entire industry

nationalization

are the results of variety of influences including the ideas of newly and powered political parties, political pressure from special interest, and civil are social unresr

policy changes

managers must work within the established rules and regulations of each national business environment

political influence

is the policy of hiring people to represent accompanies views on political matters

lobbying

who have worked in country long enough to gain insights into local culture and politics are often good sources of information

current employees

in providing political risk services include banks political consultants news publication and risk assessment service

agencies specialized

two sources that companies used to conduct accurate political risk forecast

current employees, agencies specialized

are ost stipulating that a specified amount of a good or service be supplied by juices and the domestic market

local content requirements

three main methods of managing political rates

adaptation, information gathering, political influence

means incorporating wrist into business strategies often with the help of local officials

adaptation

help companies leverage expansion plans

partnerships

entails modifying informations the product mix , are some other business element even the company name to suit local taste and culture

localization

allows an international business to assist the host country region in improving the quality of life for locals

development assistance

can be essential to companies and entering risky business environments

insurance against political risk

firms attempts to gather information that will help them predict and manage political risk

information gathering

Sg1

Sg1

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sg2

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4-5

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sg 6 -7

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8-9

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Chapter 1-2

Chapter 1-2

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chapter 1

chapter 1

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chapter 2

chapter 2

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Chapter 1

Chapter 1

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CH 6 STRAT

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MM 5

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mm 6

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mm7

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the

the

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2 .1

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9-10

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9-10

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