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concerns with moral issues and choices and deals with right and wrong behavior relates to choices and judgement about acceptable standards of conduct that guide the behavior of individuals
ethics
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comprises the principles and standards that guide the behavior of individuals and groups in the world of business relate to rules standards and moral principle regarding right or wrong in specific situation
business ethics
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is a problem situation or opportunity requiring an individual group or organization to choose among several actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong
ethical issue
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classification of ethical issues
abusive or intimidating behavior lying conflict of interest fraud discrimination sexual harassment
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related to physical threat, false accusations annoying a coworker profanity insult yelling harshness and ignoring someone to being unreasonable and the meaning of those words can be different depending on the person's perspective
abusive or intimidating behavior
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is associated with hostile phase when someone's or a group considered a target threatened, harassed , be little verbally abuse or overly criticized
bullying
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relates to the distorting the truth
lying
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three types of lying
white lie lying by commission lying by omission
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joking without malice and so called _____ that is told in order to avoid hurting someone's feeling
white lie
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creating a perception or belief by words that intentionally deceived the receiver of the message
lying by commission
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involves an intentionally not informing the receiver of material facts
lying by ommission
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is the situation with which an individual must choose whether to advances for her own interest those of his her organization are those some other group
conflict of interest
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is any false communication that deceives manipulates or conceal facts to create a false impression when others are damaged or denied a benefit
fraud
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examples of fraud
accounting fraud marketing fraud consumer fraud
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accountants are bound to follow regulations but are face with issues like reduce fees
accounting fraud
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is the intentional misrepresentation of deceit during the process of creating distributing promoting and private products examples of puffery or exaggerated advertising
marketing fraud
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occurs when consumers attempt to deceive business for their own game it involves intentionally deception to derive and unfair economic advantage by an individual or group over an organization examples of fraud activities include shoplifting collusions are duplicity
consumer fraud
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the practice of unfairly treating a person or group or people differently from other people or groups or people is a treating a person or a particular group of people differently if especially in a worst way from the way in which you treat other people because of their skin color sex sexuality etc
discrimination
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can be defined as any repeated and unwanted behavior of asexual nature perpetrated upon one individual by another it may be a verbal visual written or physical and care between people of different genders of those the same sex
sexual harassment
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is a principle or rules that individuals apply and deciding what is right or wrong is a person's perception principles and values that define what is moral or immoral are person, specific where as business ethic is based on decision in groups or those made men carrying out task to meet business objectives
moral philosophy
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moral philosophy can be classified as
consequentialism
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a class of moral philosophy that consider a decision right or acceptable if it accomplishes a decide result such as pleasure knowledge career growth the realization of self interest or utility
consequentialism
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is a philosophy that defines right or acceptable conduct in terms of the consequences for the individual believes they should make decision that maximize their own self interest which depending on the individual may be defined as physical well-being power pleasure thing satisfying career a good family life wealth and support
egoism
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is a consequentialist philosophy that is concerned with seeking to find the greatest good for the greatest number of people using a cost benefit analysis a blank decision maker calculates utility of consequences of all possible and then chooses the one that achieves the greatest utility
utilitarianism
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is a class of moral philosophy that focuses on the rights of individuals and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior rather than on its consequences
ethical formation
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is a class of moral philosophy that relates to evaluation of fairness or the disposition to deal with perceive injustices of others
justice theory
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three types of justice
distributive justice procedural justice interactional justice
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evaluate the outcomes are result of a business a relationships example if an employee's feels that she is paid less than her coworkers for the framework
distributive justice
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assesses the processes and activities implied to produce an outcome or results concerns about compensation with relate to the perception that salary and benefit decisions were consistent and fair to all categories of employees
procedural justice
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evaluates the communication processes used in the business relationships being being truthful about the reason for missing work is an example of
interactional justice
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the stages of moral development
the stage of punishment and obedience the stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange mutual interpersonal expectation relationships and conformity social justice and conscience maintenance prior rights social contract or utility universal ethical principles
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he proposed the stages of moral development or called it cognitive moral development
lawrence kohlberg
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an individual in this stages of development defines right as literal obedience to rules and authority and responsive rules and themes of the physical power of those who determine such rules in this stage do not associate right or wrong with any higher order or moral philosophy that instead with a person who has power
punishment and obedience
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a person in the stage defines right as that which serves his or her own needs in the stage people evaluate behavior on the basis of its a fairness to themselves rather than solely on the basis of specific rules and authority figures
individual instrumental purpose and exchange
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an individual in this stage emphasize other over himself or herself although this individuals their derived motivation from obedience to rules they also consider the well-being of others
mutual interpersonal expectation relationships, and conformity
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a person in the stage determines what is right by considering duty to society as well as to other specific people duty respect for authority and maintaining social order become fundamental schools and decision making
social justice and conscience maintenance
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in this stage an individual is considered with upholding the basic rights values and legal contracts of society such individuals of obligation are social contract to other groups and recognize that legal and moral points of view may conflict in some instances to minimize conflict a person in the stage based decision and rational calculation of overall utilities
prior rights, social contract or utility
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a person in this stage believes that right is determined by ______ that everyone should follow such individuals believe that there are inaliable rights that are universal in nature and consequences justice and equality are example of such universal rights a business person in the stage may be more concern with social ethical issues and relayless on the company for direction and situation with an ethical components
universal ethical principles
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is the willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals condition by the efforts ability to satisfy some individual needs it is also defined as the process of activating behavior sustaining it and directing toward a particular goal moves people to act accomplish
motivation
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mcClelland's learned theory there are three major relevant motives or needs in work situations
need for achievement nAch need for power nPow need for affiliation nAff
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he proposed the mcClelland's Learned Theory
david mcClelland
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the desire to do something better or more efficiently to solve problems or to master complex task
need for achievements
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this refers to the desire to control others to influence their behavior or to be responsible for other
need for power
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this refers to the desire to establish and maintain friendly and one relations with other
need for affiliation
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is a set of values beliefs goals norms and rituals heard by members of employee of an organization
organizational or corporate culture
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focuses specifically in issues of right and wrong the part of the corporate culture that relates to an organization expectation about appropriate conduct is the character component of an organization
ethical climate
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include superiors peers and subordinating in the organizational influence the ethical decision making process
significant others
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set of condition that limits barriers are provides rewards
opportunity
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is a guide of principles designed to help professionals conduct business honestly and with integrity also referred to as an ethical code may encompass areas such as business ethics a code of professional practice and an employee code of conduct
code of ethics
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code of ethics often have six values that have been suggested as their syllable to appearing in the codes they are also known as the six pillars of characters
trustworthiness respect responsibility fairness caring citizenships
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– truthfulness, integrity and trustworthiness
honesty
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– the quality of being just, equitable and impartial
Fairness
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is specific and pervasive boundaries for behavior that are universal and absolute example of these are freedom of speech and principles of justice
principles
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are used to develop norms that are usually in a forms integrity accountability and trust are example of _____
values