Week12

Too low V/Q ratio can lead to insufficient oxygenation., Perfusion decreases towards the apex of the lung,, V/Q ratio decreases towards the apex of the lung.

If it is too high it will increase the alveolar dead space., Its mismatch can affect the arterial pO2., Its mismatch can affect the alveolar pO2., Would be expected to increase following the blockage of a major pulmonary artery.

Arterial O2 content (v/v%) is less than normal., Mixed venous blood oxygen content (v/v%) is decreased., Mixed venous blood pO2 is decreased.

Mixed venoud blood oxygen content is decreased., Mixed venous blood pO2 is decreased., Arterial pO2 is normal., Arterial O2 content is normal., AVDO2 is higher than normal., Arterial oxygen saturation is normal.

In case of increased tension of CO2 in the blood., In case of increased hydrogen ion concentration of the blood.

In case of decreased 2,3-DPG content of RBCs., In case of decreased hydrogen ion concentration of the blood.

Increased pH.

more sensitive than the peripheral chemoreceptors., its effect takes place in minutes., it is behind the blood-brain-barrier., it adapts.

its effect takes place in seconds., sensitive to K+., quick to respond to changes in pO2.

Aortic body, Glossopharyngeal nerve, Vagal nerve

Concentration of H+ in the arterial blood., Arterial CO2., Concentration of CO2 in the CSF.

Irritant receptors initiate bronchoconstriction., Both DRG and VRG contain inspiratory neurons., Decreased pharyngeal muscle tone during sleep may cause obstructured airflow.

Voluntary hyperventilation decreases alveolar pCO2., Increased alveolar pCO2 stimulates spontaneous breathing., Decreased alveolar pO2 stimulates spontaneous breathing.

in the glomus caroticum., in the glomus aorticum.

Concentration of H+ in the arterial blood., Concentration of CO2 in the CSF., Concentration of H+ in close proximity of central chemoreceptor cells.

May be altered in shape by changes in the structure of the hemoglobin protein chains,, Is sigmodial., Has a characteristic shape which is independent of the hemoglobin concentration when plotted in terms of % saturation., Indicates the presence of both cooperativity and saturation in the O2 binding system.

The amount of blood flow through the lung is 5.5L during 1 minute!, The intrapleural pressure is more negative at the apex than at the base., The pO2 decreases causes vasoconstriction in the lung vessels.

Chronic hypoxia might lead to pulmonary hypertension., The mean pressure in a.pulmonalis is around 14 mmHg., The resistance is lower than in the systemic circulation., The hydrostaic pressure in the pulmomnary capillaries is 10-12 mmHg.

it has both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation., it has a very high metabolic rate., its effect takes place in seconds.

Removes bacteria and other particulate matter., Conducts the warmed air to the respiratory membranes., Warms inspired air to body temperature., Saturates inspired air with water vapor.

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