問題一覧
1
How can parvoviruses spread?
by respiratory droplets
2
What kind of disease can be caused by adenoviruses (3 examples)?
pharyngitis, pneumonia, pertussis syndrome, pharyngoconjuctival fever, acute haemorrhagic cystitis, gastroenteritis
3
What kind of disease can be caused by parvovirus B19 (3 examples)?
erythema infectiosum, hydrops fetalis, aplastic anaemia
4
What can EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) cause?
mononucleosis infectiosa, Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, oral hairy leukoplakia
5
What can HHV1 (Herpes simplex virus 1) cause?
herpes labialis, herpes simplex dermatitis, eczema herpeticum, herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow
6
What can HHV2 (Herpes simplex virus 2) cause?
herpes genitalis, neonatal herpes, encephalitis
7
How can HHV1 and HHV2 infections treated?
acyclovir
8
What can CMV (Cytomegalovirus) cause?
mononucleosis-like infection, congenital infection, in immunosuppressed: severe systemic infections
9
What can VZV (Varicella Zoster virus) cause?
chickenpox and shingles
10
How can chickenpox be prevented?
By live attenuated vaccine
11
What kind of diseases can be caused by high-risk group papillomaviruses?
cervix cancer, oral cancer
12
What kind of diseases can be caused by low-risk group papillomaviruses?
condyloma acuminatum, warts
13
What can JC and BK viruses cause? (1 example)
JC: progressive multifocal leukopathia (PML); BK: haemorrhagic cystitis and nephropathy
14
What can HHV-6 cause?
exanthema subitum or roseola infantum
15
What can HHV-7 cause? (2 examples)
encephalitis, flaccid paralysis, hepatitis, gastritis, lymphadenopathy, diarrhoea, pityriasis rosea
16
What can HHV-8 cause?
Kaposi-sarcoma, lymphoma
17
How can Hepatitis B virus spread?
by parenteral way, by sexual contact or perinatal
18
How can Hepatitis B virus infection be treated?
by interferon and nucleotide analogues
19
How can Molluscum contagiosum virus spread and what can it cause?
by direct contact and causes benign tumour of the skin
20
What can Poliovirus cause?
aseptic meningitis, poliomyelitis, post-polio syndrome
21
What can Coxsackie A and B viruses cause?
A: herpangina, hand-foot-mouth disease, acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis B: pleurodynia or Bornholm disease, myocardititis, pancreatitis
22
What can Rhinoviruses cause?
sore throat, runny nose, coughing
23
How can Hepatitis A virus spread?
Faeco-oral route, contaminated food or contaminated water
24
How can Caliciviruses spread and what can it cause?
Faeco-oral route, by contaminated water, and by aerosol. It causes diarrhoea and vomiting.
25
How can Rotaviruses spread and what can they cause?
by fecoral route and they can cause diarrhoea and vomiting
26
How can Hepatitis E virus spread and what can cause?
by contaminated water, by raw pig and boar meat, rarely by blood transfusion and transplacental. It causes acute hepatitis.
27
How can yellow fever virus spread?
by mosquito bite, from human to human or from monkey to human.
28
How can Hepatitis C virus spread?
Parenteral, with blood (sharing needles, tatooing, unscreened blood products)
29
Which patient group is most at risk for Rubella virus infection?
pregnant women, because can cause in utero infection (congenital rubella syndrome)
30
How can Influenza viruses spread and what can they cause (3 examples)?
By respiratory droplets. Symptoms: high fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache,sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms.
31
How can Morbillivirus spread and what can it cause?
by respiratory droplets and it can cause measles with exanthemas and Koplik spots.
32
What are the complications of measles?
pneumonia, encephalitis and SSPE: subacute sclerotizing panencephalitis
33
How can Mumpsvirus spread and what can it cause?
Respiratory droplets. It causes inflammation of salivary gland, pancreatitis, orchitis, deafness.
34
What is the causative agent of rabies?
Lyssa virus.
35
How can rabies prevented?
by vaccination, administered as postexposure prophylaxis, after the bite.
36
What is the treatment of HIV infection?
By combination of nucleotide analogue and protease inhibitors
37
How can HTLV-1 spread?
by sexual contact, by blood and transplacental or by breast-feeding
38
How can Dengue-fever virus spread?
by mosquito bite.
39
List two members of Flaviviruses.
Yellow-fever virus, Dengue-fever virus, tick born encephalitis virus, Zika-virus.
40
What does arbovirus mean?
arthropod borne virus
41
List two diseases caused by prions!
kuru, fatal familiar insomnia, Creutzfeldt–Jacob-syndrome, bovine spongiform encephalitis
42
What is the name of the pathogen of COVID-19?
SARS-CoV-2: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus – 2
43
What does COVID-19 stand for?
CoronaVirus Disease 2019
44
How SARS-CoV-2 infection is diagnosed?
RT-PCR and/or antigen rapid test
45
What are the contents of the vaccines used for the prevention of COVID-19?
mRNA or inactivated virus or virus vector or protein subunits
46
How SARS-CoV-2 binds to human cells?
With the spike protein
47
What symptoms are caused by the mpox virus?
Fever, vesicular rash
48
How can HPV infection be prevented?
Vaccination is available for 9 serotypes of HPV
49
List oncogenic viruses! (3 examples)
HPV, HBV, HHV8, EBV, HCV, HTLV