問題一覧
1
Which bacterium can cause chronic gastritis or stomach ulcer?
Helicobacter pylori.
2
What is the causative agent of syphilis?
Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum
3
What are the most important nosocomial bacteria? (3 examples)
MRSA, coagulase negative staphylococci, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter, VRE, C. difficile, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus
4
Which bacteria cause atypical pneumonia?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila.
5
What is the effect of the cholera toxin?
Increasing of the cAMP, enhancing the ion secretion
6
What are the non-specific treponemal serological reactions?
RPR and VDRL
7
What is the causative agent of trachoma?
Chlamydia trachomatis, serotype A-C.
8
What does MACI mean in microbiology?
Multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii
9
What is the causative agent of parrot fever?
Chlamydophila psittaci
10
What is the most common source of the infection caused by Acinetobacter baumanii?
Hospital environment.
11
How can syphilis spread?
By sexual contact, transplacental, by blood transfusion and by organ transplantation.
12
What is the causative agent of Ophthalmoblenorrhoea neonatorum?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
13
What is the causative agent of Q-fever?
Coxiella burnettii
14
What kind of disease can be caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serotype L1-L3?
Lymphogranuloma venereum.
15
How many percentage of the adults are carriers of Staphylococcus aureus?
20-30%
16
What are the characteristics of the meningitis caused by Leptospira?
Serosus, non-purulent.
17
What is the causative agent of epidemic relapsing fever?
Borrelia recurrentis
18
What is MRSE?
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis
19
What is the source of the infection caused by Leptospira?
Zoonotic diseases, can spread by the urine of animals.
20
What is the molecular background of relapsing fever?
Bacterial antigen changing.
21
What non treponemal serological reactions are used for in syphilis?
RPR and VDRL are used i. to determine the stages of syphilis ii. to detect the reinfection iii. to check the effectiveness of the therapy
22
What is the treatment of the diseases cause by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Multiresistant, based on antibiogram.
23
How Chlamydia trachomatis D-K is diagnosed?
Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) eg. PCR from genital specimen
24
How can Lyme disease spread?
Tick bite
25
What is characteristic for antibiotic sensitivity of Stenotrophomonas maltophila?
Multiresistant.
26
What type of infection is caused by Yersinia enterocolitica?
Gastroenteritis
27
What are the causative agents of Plaut-Vincent angina?
Treponema vincenti and Fusobacteria.
28
What type of acute infections are caused by Camplyobacter sp.?
Gastroenteritis with diarrhoea and vomiting
29
What is the causative agent of Weil’s diseases?
Leptospira sp.
30
What is the vector of Lyme diseases?
Tick
31
What are the most common infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophila?
Nosocomial lung infection, sepsis.
32
In which stage of the syphilis can appear rash all over the body?
2nd stage.
33
What is the first symptom in syphilis?
Ulcus durum – painless hard ulcer, enlarged lymph nodes.
34
What kind of diseases can be caused by Borrelia?
Lyme disease and relapsing fever
35
How can the Lyme diseases diagnosed?
By serology, ELISA screening test and for confirmation immunoblot is used.
36
What is VRE?
Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus
37
What is the causative agent of typhus exanthematicus?
Ricketsia prowazekii
38
What is the most important cultivable anaerobic member of the normal flora of the large bowel?
Bacteroides fragilis
39
How are Chlamydia and Mycoplasma infections treated?
Macrolide or doxycycline (β-lactams don’t work)
40
How many different kind (serotype) of capsule can be produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Approximately 100
41
What is the specific diagnosis of the syphilis?
ELISA, TPHA, TPPA
42
What are the most frequent diseases caused by Pseudomas aeruginosa?
Nosocomial lung infections, wound and blood stream infections
43
How can Legionella pneumophila spread?
By aerosol.
44
In which stages is syphilis contagious?
1st and 2nd stages and in the first 2 years of the latency. At 3rd stage only in utero transmission is possible.
45
What is the causative agent of erysipelas?
Streptococcus pyogenes
46
What are the causative agents of impetigo contagiosa?
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes
47
When can develop neurosyphilis during the infection?
In all stages of the disease
48
How can we diagnose legionellosis?
By serology from blood, by immune chromatography from urine.
49
List 4 capsulated bacteria from the list below!
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis
50
Microscopic morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Gram-negative, motile rod
51
What kind of vaccines can be used to prevent invasive diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Prevenar-13: Streptococcus pneumoniae 13 type of capsule conjugated to protein – recommended for new-borns and in elderly Pneumovax: Streptococcus pneumoniae 23 type of capsule – recommended for adults and teenagers
52
Give 1 example for a Burkholderia species (from the list)!
Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Burkholderia cepacia
53
What is the most frequent bacterial cause of STD?
Chlamydia trachomatis D-K
54
What are the pathogens of Lyme disease? (2 examples)
Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelli, Borrelia garinii
55
Which genera belong to the Spirochaetales order?
Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira.
56
What MRSA and MRSE are resistant to?
β-lactams, except for 5th generation cephalosporins
57
What is the first symptom of Lyme diseases?
Erythema chronicum migrans
58
What is the vector of Borrelia recurrentis?
Body louse
59
What is the causative agent of walking pneumonia?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
60
What is the effect of the bacterial AB exotoxins?
They are: neurotoxins, protein synthesis inhibitors or ion secretion enhancers.
61
What is the most common pathogen of community acquired pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
62
What are the most frequent causes of urinary tract infections (UTI)? (3 examples)
E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus saprophyticus
63
Which bacteria have no cell wall?
Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma.