Minimum-systemic2

63問 • 1年前

通報

問題一覧

Microscopic morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Gram-negative, motile rod

What are the most frequent diseases caused by Pseudomas aeruginosa?

Nosocomial lung infections, wound and blood stream infections

What is the treatment of the diseases cause by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Multiresistant, based on antibiogram.

Give 1 example for a Burkholderia species (from the list)!

Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Burkholderia cepacia

What is the most common source of the infection caused by Acinetobacter baumanii?

Hospital environment.

What does MACI mean in microbiology?

Multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii

What are the most common infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophila?

Nosocomial lung infection, sepsis.

What is characteristic for antibiotic sensitivity of Stenotrophomonas maltophila?

Multiresistant.

How can Legionella pneumophila spread?

By aerosol.

How can we diagnose legionellosis?

By serology from blood, by immune chromatography from urine.

Which bacterium can cause chronic gastritis or stomach ulcer?

Helicobacter pylori.

What is the most important cultivable anaerobic member of the normal flora of the large bowel?

Bacteroides fragilis

Which genera belong to the Spirochaetales order?

Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira.

What are the causative agents of Plaut-Vincent angina?

Treponema vincenti and Fusobacteria.

What is the causative agent of syphilis?

Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum

How can syphilis spread?

By sexual contact, transplacental, by blood transfusion and by organ transplantation.

What is the first symptom in syphilis?

Ulcus durum – painless hard ulcer, enlarged lymph nodes.

In which stage of the syphilis can appear rash all over the body?

2nd stage.

In which stages is syphilis contagious?

1st and 2nd stages and in the first 2 years of the latency. At 3rd stage only in utero transmission is possible.

When can develop neurosyphilis during the infection?

In all stages of the disease

What is the specific diagnosis of the syphilis?

ELISA, TPHA, TPPA

What non treponemal serological reactions are used for in syphilis?

RPR and VDRL are used i. to determine the stages of syphilis ii. to detect the reinfection iii. to check the eﬀectiveness of the therapy

What are the non-specific treponemal serological reactions?

RPR and VDRL

What kind of diseases can be caused by Borrelia?

Lyme disease and relapsing fever

How can Lyme disease spread?

Tick bite

What are the pathogens of Lyme disease? (2 examples)

Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelli, Borrelia garinii

What is the causative agent of epidemic relapsing fever?

Borrelia recurrentis

What is the vector of Lyme diseases?

Tick

What is the vector of Borrelia recurrentis?

Body louse

What is the molecular background of relapsing fever?

Bacterial antigen changing.

What is the first symptom of Lyme diseases?

Erythema chronicum migrans

What is the causative agent of Weil’s diseases?

Leptospira sp.

What are the characteristics of the meningitis caused by Leptospira?

Serosus, non-purulent.

What is the source of the infection caused by Leptospira?

Zoonotic diseases, can spread by the urine of animals.

How can the Lyme diseases diagnosed?

By serology, ELISA screening test and for confirmation immunoblot is used.

Which bacteria have no cell wall?

Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma.

Which bacteria cause atypical pneumonia?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila.

What is the causative agent of typhus exanthematicus?

Ricketsia prowazekii

What is the causative agent of Q-fever?

Coxiella burnettii

What is the causative agent of parrot fever?

Chlamydophila psittaci

What is the causative agent of trachoma?

Chlamydia trachomatis, serotype A-C.

What kind of disease can be caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serotype L1-L3?

Lymphogranuloma venereum.

What is the eﬀect of the bacterial AB exotoxins?

They are: neurotoxins, protein synthesis inhibitors or ion secretion enhancers.

What is the eﬀect of the cholera toxin?

Increasing of the cAMP, enhancing the ion secretion

What are the causative agents of impetigo contagiosa?

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes

What is the causative agent of erysipelas?

Streptococcus pyogenes

What is the causative agent of walking pneumonia?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

What is the causative agent of Ophthalmoblenorrhoea neonatorum?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

List 4 capsulated bacteria from the list below!

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis

How many percentage of the adults are carriers of Staphylococcus aureus?

20-30%

How many diﬀerent kind (serotype) of capsule can be produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Approximately 100

What is the most common pathogen of community acquired pneumonia?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

What kind of vaccines can be used to prevent invasive diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

 Prevenar-13: Streptococcus pneumoniae 13 type of capsule conjugated to protein – recommended for new-borns and in elderly  Pneumovax: Streptococcus pneumoniae 23 type of capsule – recommended for adults and teenagers

What is the most frequent bacterial cause of STD?

Chlamydia trachomatis D-K

How are Chlamydia and Mycoplasma infections treated?

Macrolide or doxycycline (β-lactams don’t work)

How Chlamydia trachomatis D-K is diagnosed?

Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) eg. PCR from genital specimen

What are the most important nosocomial bacteria? (3 examples)

MRSA, coagulase negative staphylococci, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter, VRE, C. diﬃcile, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus

What is VRE?

Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus

What is MRSE?

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis

What MRSA and MRSE are resistant to?

β-lactams, except for 5th generation cephalosporins

What type of acute infections are caused by Camplyobacter sp.?

Gastroenteritis with diarrhoea and vomiting

What type of infection is caused by Yersinia enterocolitica?

Gastroenteritis

What are the most frequent causes of urinary tract infections (UTI)? (3 examples)

E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Week3-4

Week3-4

Weekly2

Weekly2

Weekly2-2

Weekly2-2

Weekly2-3

Weekly2-3

Weekly3

Weekly3

Weekly3-2

Weekly3-2

Weekly3-3

Weekly3-3

Weekly3-4 Viscerosensory

n · 34問 · 2年前

Weekly3-4 Viscerosensory

34問 • 2年前

Week6-skeletal muscle

n · 10問 · 2年前

Week6-skeletal muscle

Week6- Heart

Week6- Heart

Weekly4-1

Weekly4-1

Week9

Week9

⭐️Parameters

⭐️Parameters

DNA

DNA

RNA

RNA

Week11

Week11

Week12

Week12

Week13

Week13

week1

week1

genetics quiz

genetics quiz

genetics mcq

genetics mcq

genetics2

genetics2

Week2

Week2

Immunology final

Immunology final

Week3

Week3

Week3-4 Thyroid

Week3-4 Thyroid

general

general

general2

general2

Week4-body

Week4-body

Week4-Caicium, bone

Week4-Caicium, bone

Week5,6-sexual

Week5,6-sexual

immunology

immunology

Internal Metabolism

Internal Metabolism

cell cycle

cell cycle

mid1?

mid1?

mid2

mid2

Week8

Week8

sensory

sensory

nerve

nerve

genetic3

genetic3

gene4

gene4

Week12

Week12

Week13

Week13

week11

week11

Midterm pp

Midterm pp

Midterm1-2

Midterm1-2

Mid2-1

Mid2-1

Minimum-mycology

Minimum-mycology

Minimum-virology

Minimum-virology

Minimum-general

Minimum-general

Minimum-systemic

Minimum-systemic

Mid2-2

Mid2-2

Mod2-3

Mod2-3

Minimum-parasitology

Minimum-parasitology

問題一覧

Microscopic morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Gram-negative, motile rod

What are the most frequent diseases caused by Pseudomas aeruginosa?

Nosocomial lung infections, wound and blood stream infections

What is the treatment of the diseases cause by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Multiresistant, based on antibiogram.

Give 1 example for a Burkholderia species (from the list)!

Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Burkholderia cepacia

What is the most common source of the infection caused by Acinetobacter baumanii?

Hospital environment.

What does MACI mean in microbiology?

Multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii

What are the most common infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophila?

Nosocomial lung infection, sepsis.

What is characteristic for antibiotic sensitivity of Stenotrophomonas maltophila?

Multiresistant.

How can Legionella pneumophila spread?

By aerosol.

How can we diagnose legionellosis?

By serology from blood, by immune chromatography from urine.

Which bacterium can cause chronic gastritis or stomach ulcer?

Helicobacter pylori.

What is the most important cultivable anaerobic member of the normal flora of the large bowel?

Bacteroides fragilis

Which genera belong to the Spirochaetales order?

Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira.

What are the causative agents of Plaut-Vincent angina?

Treponema vincenti and Fusobacteria.

What is the causative agent of syphilis?

Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum

How can syphilis spread?

By sexual contact, transplacental, by blood transfusion and by organ transplantation.

What is the first symptom in syphilis?

Ulcus durum – painless hard ulcer, enlarged lymph nodes.

In which stage of the syphilis can appear rash all over the body?

2nd stage.

In which stages is syphilis contagious?

1st and 2nd stages and in the first 2 years of the latency. At 3rd stage only in utero transmission is possible.

When can develop neurosyphilis during the infection?

In all stages of the disease

What is the specific diagnosis of the syphilis?

ELISA, TPHA, TPPA

What non treponemal serological reactions are used for in syphilis?

RPR and VDRL are used i. to determine the stages of syphilis ii. to detect the reinfection iii. to check the eﬀectiveness of the therapy

What are the non-specific treponemal serological reactions?

RPR and VDRL

What kind of diseases can be caused by Borrelia?

Lyme disease and relapsing fever

How can Lyme disease spread?

Tick bite

What are the pathogens of Lyme disease? (2 examples)

Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelli, Borrelia garinii

What is the causative agent of epidemic relapsing fever?

Borrelia recurrentis

What is the vector of Lyme diseases?

Tick

What is the vector of Borrelia recurrentis?

Body louse

What is the molecular background of relapsing fever?

Bacterial antigen changing.

What is the first symptom of Lyme diseases?

Erythema chronicum migrans

What is the causative agent of Weil’s diseases?

Leptospira sp.

What are the characteristics of the meningitis caused by Leptospira?

Serosus, non-purulent.

What is the source of the infection caused by Leptospira?

Zoonotic diseases, can spread by the urine of animals.

How can the Lyme diseases diagnosed?

By serology, ELISA screening test and for confirmation immunoblot is used.

Which bacteria have no cell wall?

Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma.

Which bacteria cause atypical pneumonia?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila.

What is the causative agent of typhus exanthematicus?

Ricketsia prowazekii

What is the causative agent of Q-fever?

Coxiella burnettii

What is the causative agent of parrot fever?

Chlamydophila psittaci

What is the causative agent of trachoma?

Chlamydia trachomatis, serotype A-C.

What kind of disease can be caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serotype L1-L3?

Lymphogranuloma venereum.

What is the eﬀect of the bacterial AB exotoxins?

They are: neurotoxins, protein synthesis inhibitors or ion secretion enhancers.

What is the eﬀect of the cholera toxin?

Increasing of the cAMP, enhancing the ion secretion

What are the causative agents of impetigo contagiosa?

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes

What is the causative agent of erysipelas?

Streptococcus pyogenes

What is the causative agent of walking pneumonia?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

What is the causative agent of Ophthalmoblenorrhoea neonatorum?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

List 4 capsulated bacteria from the list below!

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis

How many percentage of the adults are carriers of Staphylococcus aureus?

20-30%

How many diﬀerent kind (serotype) of capsule can be produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Approximately 100

What is the most common pathogen of community acquired pneumonia?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

What kind of vaccines can be used to prevent invasive diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

What is the most frequent bacterial cause of STD?

Chlamydia trachomatis D-K

How are Chlamydia and Mycoplasma infections treated?

Macrolide or doxycycline (β-lactams don’t work)

How Chlamydia trachomatis D-K is diagnosed?

Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) eg. PCR from genital specimen

What are the most important nosocomial bacteria? (3 examples)

MRSA, coagulase negative staphylococci, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter, VRE, C. diﬃcile, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus

What is VRE?

Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus

What is MRSE?

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis

What MRSA and MRSE are resistant to?

β-lactams, except for 5th generation cephalosporins

What type of acute infections are caused by Camplyobacter sp.?

Gastroenteritis with diarrhoea and vomiting

What type of infection is caused by Yersinia enterocolitica?

Gastroenteritis

What are the most frequent causes of urinary tract infections (UTI)? (3 examples)

E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus saprophyticus