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  • 問題数 32 • 2024/02/17

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    True for the hormones

    Proteases might play role in the synthesis of peptide hormones., Hormones in the blood can be free or bound to proteins., Some receptors can be found in the nucleus.

  • 2

    TRUE about endocrine regulation.

    The heart can release hormone molecules., Hormone act in 10^-6-10^-12 mol/L range.

  • 3

    Typically regulated by hormones.

    growth, homeostasis , blood sugar level, intermediary metabolism

  • 4

    Innervated by ens.

    Gastric G cells, smooth muscle cells on the small intestine, inhibitory interneuron

  • 5

    Occur with brain stem coordination.

    swallowing , chewing, vomiting

  • 6

    TRUe about swallowing.

    secondary peristalsis of the esophagus is initiated upon distension., lower esophageal sphincter relaxes early in the esophageal stage., may be voluntarily initiated , vagabond inhibitory fibers relax lower esophageal sphincter

  • 7

    Which sphincter is under voluntary control?

    external anal

  • 8

    Which can inhibit stomach contractions?

    sympathetic stimulus, cck, secretin

  • 9

    Trus about salivary secretion

    The saliva entering the oral cavity is hyposmotic, because the reabsorption of Na and all is not followed by equal amount of water., The primary secretion of acinar cell is isomsmotic., Na pump is located in the Baso lateral membrane of the acinar cells., HCO3- ions are secreted by ductular cells.

  • 10

    Which product of the acinar cells in the acinar cells in the salivary gland?

    amilase, nearly isotonic fluid, lysozyme

  • 11

    Not true of saliva?

    sympathetic innerdecreases amount, it does not contain lipase

  • 12

    true about salivary secretion

    Na/K pump is located in the basolateral membrane of the acinar cells., The primary secretion of the acinar cells is isosmotic., The saliva entering the oral cavity is hypoosmotic, because the reabsorption of Na and Cl is not followed by equal amount of water.

  • 13

    Which is stimulus for gastric acid secretion?

    Gastrin, Histamine, Ach

  • 14

    Gastric parietal cells secrete

    Gastric acid, Intrinsic factor

  • 15

    True about the bile acids:

    primary bile acids are formed from cholesterol, they can be conjugated in order to form bile salts, are absorbed by membrane bound active transport systems, amphipathic molecules

  • 16

    True

    Bile acids emulsify dietary lipids, Amylase mediated digestion of carbohydrates mostly occurs in the small intestine.

  • 17

    Which require micelle formation for absorption?

    cholesterol , vitamin A

  • 18

    TRUE about bile acids

    lithocolic acid is one of the secondary bile acids, intestinal bacteria are involved in the synthesis of secondary bile acids

  • 19

    TRUE about the intestinal absorption:

    of glucose is coupled with sodium transport, of water occurs passively, of bile acids occurs mostly in the ileum

  • 20

    Which require Na dependent active transport system for intestinal absorption?

    glucose, a.a

  • 21

    TRUE about the secretion of the small intestine

    Is increased in response to meal, Parasynpathetic stimulation results increased secretion, Mucin is secreted, Is enhanced by toxins that increase the cAMP content of the intestinal mucosa

  • 22

    True about transport patheways in pancreatic duct cells

    carboanhydrase is important to maintain the ion transports, CFTR Cl channel is located in the luminal membrane, Na can be transported paracellularly, It produces alkaline fluid.

  • 23

    Which is a product of pancreatic acinar cells?

    amylase, ribonuclease, phospholipids A2

  • 24

    Antral contractions of the stomach are increased by

    parasympathetic activation, gastrin

  • 25

    The following mechanism can stimulate gastrointestinal secretions

    secretin, activation of cAMP dependent signaling in the secretory cells, Ach activity on M-Ach receptors , increased parasympathetic neural activity

  • 26

    Gastric chief cells secrete

    gastric lipase, pepsinogen

  • 27

    PAO mmol H/ hour

    30

  • 28

    BAO mmol H/ hour

    2

  • 29

    TRUE about the vitamin B12

    It is bond and to specific carrier proteins in the blood stream after absorption., Functioning of gastric parietal cell is required for the absorption of vitamin B12, Intrinsinc factor is required for the absorption of vitamin B12

  • 30

    True about the absorption of fluid from the intestine.

    is not completed within the small intestine., is increased when both Na and glucose are present.

  • 31

    True about digestion.

    Ologosaccharidases can be located in the brush border membrane., Tends to increase the osmola,it’s of gut content., Of protein largely depends on proteases which are initially secreted as inactive precursors.

  • 32

    TRUE about endocrine regulation.

    The hormones can bind to intracellular receptors

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