問題一覧
1
What are the most important Actinomyces species? (1 example)
Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces odontolyticus
2
Which streptococci are beta-haemolytic?
Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae
3
What kind of diseases can be caused by Bacillus cereus?
Food poisoning (vomiring, diarrhoea), wound infection.
4
List diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus exotoxins? (2 examples)
Food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome
5
Which streptococci are alpha-haemolytic?
Streptococcus pneumoniae and viridans streptococci (e.g. S. mutans, S. mitis, S.salivarius)
6
List diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus? (3 examples)
Folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncle, impetigo, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, food poisoning.
7
How is brucellosis treated?
Doxycycline
8
Microscopic morphology of Neisseria meningitidis?
Gram-negative, capsulated, diplococci.
9
Which bacteria causes spastic paralysis?
Clostridium tetani
10
What are the causative agent of typhoid fever? (4 examples)
Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A, B, C.
11
What is the causative agent of scarlet fever?
Streptococcus pyogenes
12
What are the 2 most frequent human pathogenic Enterococcus species?
E. faecalis and E. faecium
13
How can Neisseria meningitidis spread?
By respiratory droplets and will colonize the nasopharynx.
14
Which medium can be used for the cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Chocolate agar or Thayer Martin agar.
15
How are nosocomial Staphylococcus infections treated?
Based on antibiogram
16
Which two bacteria can be differentiated based on their optochin sensitivity / resistance?
S. pneumoniae (S) and viridans streptococci (R)
17
Which bacteria can be differentiated with the coagulase test?
Staphylococcus aureus (+) and the other staphylococcus species (-, so called „coagulase-negative staphylococci”)
18
Which species is the Lancefield Group A Streptococcus (GAS)?
Streptococcus pyogenes
19
Which bacterium is the causative agent of plague?
Yersinia pestis
20
What are the diseases caused by Bacillus anthracis? (2 examples)
Cutaneous anthrax, pulmonary anthrax, gastrointestinal anthrax.
21
How does plague spread?
By the bite of the rat flea and by respiratory droplets.
22
What type of infections are caused by Nocardia?
Nocardiosis: lung infection, brain abscess
23
Microscopic morphology of Staphylococci
Gram-positive cocci, arranged in grape-like clusters
24
What kind of diseases can be caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Gonorrhoea, ophthalmoblenorrhoea neonatorum, proctitis, orchitis.
25
What are the characteristic biochemical properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Obligate aerobic, oxidase positive
26
How can we prevent invasive diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
By 23 valent polysaccharide capsule vaccine or by 13 valent conjugated vaccine.
27
Which bacterial virulence factor is responsible for of scarlet fever?
Streptococcus pyrogenic exotoxin or erythrogenic toxin
28
What is the treatment of Listeriosis?
Ampicillin-gentamicin is the drug of choice.
29
Which Vibrio species cause human diseases? (3 examples)
Vibrio cholera, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus
30
How can Nocardia stain?
It is Gram-positive and Ziehl-Neelsen positive
31
What type of infection is caused by Moraxella? (1 species and the caused disease)
Moraxella catarrhalis: otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, bronchitis Moraxella lacunata: eye infection
32
What can cause Neisseria gonorrhoeae in newborns?
Ophthalmoblenorrhoea neonatorum
33
What is the causative agent of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome?
Neisseria meningitidis
34
What kind of diseases can be caused by Neisseria meningitidis?
Sepsis, meningitis, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome.
35
Colony morphology of Staphylococcus aureus on blood agar plate
round colonies with butter consistency, golden pigment product on and beta-haemolysis
36
What are the causative agents of human brucellosis? (2 examples)
Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Brucella canis
37
Colony morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Bacteria can produce water-soluble pigment that stain the culture media, the colonies have grape like smells.
38
Which tests are used to detect Neisseria meningitidis in liquor (CSF) sample?
Microscopic examination, Gram-stain, latex agglutination.
39
What are the types of leprosy?
Tuberculoid and lepromatosus leprosy
40
What is the treatment of leprosy?
Dapson, clofazimin, rifampicin
41
List diseases caused by coagulase negative staphylococci!
Nosocomial infections, biofilm production on the surface of plastic devices.
42
What is the causative agent of pseudomembranosus colitist?
Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile
43
What kind of post streptococcal infections can be caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?
Acute rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis
44
What are the diseases caused by Listeria monocytogenes in adults? (2 example)
Gastrointestinal symptoms, meningitis, sepsis, endocarditis
45
List at least 2 coagulase-negative staphylococcus species (from the list provided below)!
S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus, S. lugdunensis
46
What are the toxic virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus? (3 examples)
Leucocidin, toxic shock syndrome toxin, exfoliative toxin, enterotoxin, haemolysin
47
Which bacteria can cause human tuberculosis? (3 examples)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium africanum
48
Which species is the Lancefield Group B Streptococcus (GBS)?
Streptococcus agalactiae
49
Which bacteria cause flaccid paralysis?
Clostridium botulinum
50
What type of infections are caused by Haemophilus influenzae capsule type b? (2 examples)
Meningitis, epiglottitis cellulitis
51
What is the treatment of diphtheria?
Passive immunisation, antibiotics, mechanical ventilation if necessary.
52
What tests are used in the diagnostics of typhoid fever?
Blood culture, stool culture, Gruber Widal tube agglutination
53
What are the virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis? (2 examples)
Fimbria, pertactin, pertussis toxin, tracheal cytotoxin, dermatonecrotic toxin.
54
Which serotype of Haemophilus influenzae can cause invasive infection?
Haemophilus influenzae with capsule „b” serotype.
55
How can we prevent the infection in close contacts of a patient with Neisseria meningitidis disease?
Chemoprophylaxis by rifampicin or ciprofloxacin.
56
Microscopic morphology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Gram-negative, non capsulated diplococci.
57
What are the facultative pathogenic mycobacteria? (2 examples)
Mycobacterium avium komplex, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium ulcerans
58
What is the causative agent of tularemia (rabbit fever)?
Francisella tularensis
59
Which mycobacteria is apathogenic?
Mycobacterium smegmatis
60
Which bacteria cause dental caries?
Lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans.
61
What is the causative agent of diphtheria?
Corynebacterium diphtheria
62
What are the causative agents of dysentery? (2 examples)
Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei
63
Which bacteria belong to diphtheroid group? (1 examples)
Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium minutissimum, Corynebacterium urealyticum
64
What is the treatment of pseudomembranosus colitis?
Vancomycin per os, metronidazole, faecal transplantation
65
What is the causative agent of leprosy?
Mycobacterium leprae
66
Colony morphology of Streptococcus pyogenes on blood agar plate
Small, pin-point colonies, surrounded by large, strong beta-haemolytic zone
67
Which bacteria can be differentiated with the catalase test?
Staphylococci (+) and Streptococci (-)
68
What kind of diseases can be caused in new-borns by Streptococcus agalactiae?
Neonatal meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia
69
What is the causative agent of cholera?
Vibrio cholerae
70
What are the diseases caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae?
Lobar (Friedländer) pneumonia, wound infection, bloodstream infection, urinary tract infection.
71
What type of infections are caused by Enterococci? (3 examples)
Endocarditis, sepsis, urinary tract infection, intraabdominal infection, nosocomial infection
72
What kind of disease can be caused by Haemophilus ducreyi?
Ulcus molle (chancroid).
73
What are the diseases caused by Listeria monocytogenes? (2 example)
Meningitis, sepsis, granulomatosis infantiseptica.
74
Which two streptococcus species are stillll 100% sensitive to penicillin?
Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae
75
What type of infections are caused by Actinomyces israelii (1 example)
Actinomycosis: cervicofacial, abdominal or thoracal
76
What kind of diseases can be cause by viridans streptococci?
Dental caries or endocarditis.
77
What are the symptoms of dysentery?
Bloody diarrhoea, fever, tenesmus
78
What is the causative agent of erysipeloid?
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
79
Which bacterium causes „Honeymoon cystitis”?
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
80
How can we detect the toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
By Elek’s-test
81
Which E. coli are intestinal pathogens?(3 examples)
ETEC, EPEC, EAEC, EIEC, EHEC
82
How is tularemia treated? (1 example)
Gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline
83
Which bacterium is the leading cause of neonatal meningitis?
Streptococcus agalactiae
84
Microscopic morphology of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram-positive diplococci
85
How can tuberculosis be prevented?
BCG vaccine
86
What is the treatment of botulism?
polyvalent antitoxin
87
Which bacteria can cause salmonellosis?
Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Choleraesuis
88
How can we prevent invasive infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae?
By Hib vaccine
89
What is the treatment of tetanus?
Wound care, antitoxin, mechanical ventilation, antibiotics
90
Which staining can be used to stain mycobacteria?
Ziehl-Neelsen (acid fast) staining
91
What kind of extraintestinal disease can be caused by Escherichia coli? (2 example)
Urinary tract infections, wound infection, neonatal meningitis, sepsis
92
How is anthrax treated?
Fluoroquinolone
93
What is the capsule of S. pyogenes made of?
hyaluronic acid
94
How long does it take to culture pathogens of tuberculosis on Lowenstein-Jensen culture media?
6-8 weeks
95
ist diseases cause by Streptococcus pyogenes! (3 examples)
Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, impetigo, erysipelas, necrotising fasciitis, scarlet fever,TSST
96
Which drugs are used in the first line treatment of tuberculosis? (2 examples)
rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol
97
What are the non-toxic virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus? (3 examples)
Protein A, endocoagulase (clumping factor), exocoagulase, adhezins, teicoic acid, hialuronidase, protease, lipase, DN-ase.
98
Which bacteria cause gas gangrene? (2 examples)
Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium histolyticum, Clostridium septicum
99
What is the causative agent of whooping cough?
Bordetella pertussis