Week4-Caicium, bone

1.1 1.5

2.2 2.6

1.0 1.3

bound to albumin, non ionized in serum, ionized in serum

activates 1a hydroxylase in the kidney., stimulates the reabsorption of Ca in distal tubule of the kidney., pre pro PTzh contains signal sequence.

decreased affinity of Ca ions to CaSR

promotes intestinal absorption of Ca, increased renal phosphate reabsorption, promotes bone resorption

increased Ca reabsorption in kidney, increased P absorption in intestine, increased Ca absorption in intestine

calcitriol is a steroid, carcitriol inhibits the synthesis of PTH, carcitriol is synthesized in tempeh kidney

alkalosis, low vitamins intake, surgical removal of parathyroid glands

PTH, calcitriol

is increased by carcitriol, is an important determinant of neuronal excitability, may be raised by stimulating osteocytic Ca mobilization, is increased by PTH

compact bone consists of osteons, the organic matrix of bone is mainly composed of type1 collagen, bones store inorganic phosphate, bone resorption is always followed by bone formation

higher activity if osteoclasts results in osteoporosis, estrogen have important role in prevention of osteoporosis, osteoblasts possess PTH receptor, Osteoblasts possess calcitriol receptor, osteoblasts do not express RANKL, there is no receptor for calcitriol in osteoclasts, there is no receptor for calcitonin on osteoclasts, glucocorticoids stimulate the production of RANKL by the osteoblasts, osteoclasts can be activated via the osteoblasts

tumor cells, osteoblast

calcitriol, PTH, estrogens

their disturbed function is characterized by decreased bone reabsorption p, they are multinucleated cells of hematopoietic origin