general2

81問 • 1年前

通報

問題一覧

Type of antibiotic therapy, based on sensitivity tests

targeted

Type of antibiotic therapy, based on the symptoms and habits

empiric

Type of antibiotic therapy,, e.g. intestinal operation, oral surgery

prophylactic

Possible side effects of antibiotics, penicillins

allergy

Possible side effects of antibiotics, kidney, liver etc

direct toxicity

Possible side effects of antibiotics, killing the normal flora

disbacteriosis

Possible side effects of antibiotics, induction of ()

resistance

inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking

beta lactam

inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

vancomycin

Disruption of cell membrane

polymyxin

Inhibition of protein synthesis, at 30S ribosomal subunit (2)

aminoglycoside tetracycline

at 50S ribosomal subunit inhibitor(2)

macrolides chloramphenicol

• inhibition of folic acid synthesis (2)

sulphonamide trimethoprim

inhibition of DNA gyrase

fluoroquinolone

inhibition of RNA synthesis

rifampicin

beta-lactams, Inhibit () of peptidoglycan chains:

transpeptidation

penicillin, usually effective for Gram ()

positive

Cephalosporins, against Gram

positive negative

widest spectrum! • derived from penicillins

carbapenem

derived from cephalosporin

carbacephem

aztreonam

monobactam

Polypeptides antibiotics

bacitracin

Disruption of cell membrane, against Gram-negatives, for local treatment

polymixin

polymixins=()toxicity

nephro

Inhibition of protein synthesis =usually bacterio()

static

Aminoglycosidesn bacteiostatic or bactericid

bactericid

streptomycin; also against ()

Aminoglycosides, ()toxin, ()toxin

oto nephro

very wide spectrum,act on 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting the binding of aminoacil-tRNA

tetracyclines

Tetracyclines, side effect , () and () failure

liver kidney

wide spectrum dysbacteriosis,acts on 50S ribosomal subunit

chloramphenicol

Chloramphenicol, used for ()(), ()

typhus abdominalis influenzae

Chloramphenicol, side effect

bone marrow malfunction

act on 50S ribosomal subunit • inhibit the elongation of peptide chain

macrolide

clindamycin, lincomycin

lincosamide

inhibition of DNA gyrase (supercoiling)

quinolon

Sulphonamides bacteriostatic or bactericid

bacteriostatic

Trimethoprim bacteriostatic or bactericid

bactericid

directly breaks down DNA

metronidazol

RNA synthesis inhibition

rifampicin

against anaerobes + some protozoa

metronidazol

paints tear orange

rifampicin

penicillin + gentamicin

synergy

vancomycin+aminoglycoside

kidney failure

beta lactam + macrolides

antagonistic

() spectrum antibiotic damages in lesser extent the normal bacterial flora.

narrow

() spectrum antibiotics kill different and diverse bacterial pathogens, but unfortunately these damage also the normal bacterial flora in a larger extent.

broad

MIC

minimum bacteriostatic concentration

What does MBC mean?

minimal bactericidal concentration

How long should the pateint take antibiotics? acute infection: at least ()days

How long should the pateint take antibiotics? invasive infection()-()weeks

3 6

How long should the pateint take antibiotics? TB ()-() months

6 9

Chemotherapeutic index ()/()

DTM DCM

gentamicin

aminoglycoside

doxycyclin

tetracyclin

erythromycin

macrolids

clindamycin

lincosamide

SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS, penicillin

allergic reaction

SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS, aminoglycosides are nephrotoxic

toxic

SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS, during antibiotic therapy the normal bacterial flora will be damaged and certain bacteria (e.g.: Clostridium difficile) can overgrow the normalflora and some symptoms can occur:

dysbacteriosis

Spontaneous mutations develop in a single bacterium and this mutated gene will appear in the new generation of bacterial cells

vertical gene transfer

Bacteria can take up an accumulate resistance genes, plasmids and these can be exchanged between bacteria:

horizontal gene transfer

direct plasmid transfer between bactria through „sex pilus”

conjugation

chromosomal DNA can be transmitted between bacteria through bacteriophages

transduction

chromosomal DNA fragments can be taken up by bacteria

transformation

Target molecule of antibiotic is present in the bacterial cell, but the antibiotic can’t reach it.

intrinsic resistance

Mycoplasma bacterium has no cellwall. Therefore cellwall synthesis inhibitors (e.g.: beta-lactams) are naturally ineffective. Mycoplasma has () resistance against beta-lactams.

intrinsic

() binds to D-Ala in the cellwall, but this molecule is present only in the Gram-positive cellwall. Therefore all Gram-negative bacteria have intrinsic resistance against().

vancomycin

Aminoglycosides can enter the bacterial cell through a oxygen dependent transport. Therefore all () bacteria have intrinsic resistance against aminoglycosides

anaerob

Clavulanicacid ()+()

amoxicillin clavulanic acid

What does MRSA mean?

methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

How is MRSA treated? (2)

Vancomycin 5th generation cephlosporin

What does ESBL mean?

extended spectrum of beta lactamase enzyme

How are ESBL producing bacterial infections treated?

carbapenem

How are carbapenemase producing bacteria treated?

polymyxin

VRE

vancomycin resistant Enterococcus

List nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors antibiotics! (4)

quinolones rifampicin sulphonamide trimethoprim

List the cell wall synthesis inhibitor antibiotic classes! (4)

penicillin cephalosporin carbapenem glycopeptide

List the glycopeptide antbiotics! (2)

vancomycin teicoplanin

Which antibiotics alternate membrane function?

polymyxine

List protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics!

aminoglycoside tetracycline macrolide chloramphenicol linezolid

Week3-4

Week3-4

Weekly2

Weekly2

Weekly2-2

Weekly2-2

Weekly2-3

Weekly2-3

Weekly3

Weekly3

Weekly3-2

Weekly3-2

Weekly3-3

Weekly3-3

Weekly3-4 Viscerosensory

n · 34問 · 2年前

Weekly3-4 Viscerosensory

34問 • 2年前

Week6-skeletal muscle

n · 10問 · 2年前

Week6-skeletal muscle

Week6- Heart

Week6- Heart

Weekly4-1

Weekly4-1

Week9

Week9

⭐️Parameters

⭐️Parameters

DNA

DNA

RNA

RNA

Week11

Week11

Week12

Week12

Week13

Week13

week1

week1

genetics quiz

genetics quiz

genetics mcq

genetics mcq

genetics2

genetics2

Week2

Week2

Immunology final

Immunology final

Week3

Week3

Week3-4 Thyroid

Week3-4 Thyroid

general

general

Week4-body

Week4-body

Week4-Caicium, bone

Week4-Caicium, bone

Week5,6-sexual

Week5,6-sexual

immunology

immunology

Internal Metabolism

Internal Metabolism

cell cycle

cell cycle

mid1?

mid1?

mid2

mid2

Week8

Week8

sensory

sensory

nerve

nerve

genetic3

genetic3

gene4

gene4

Week12

Week12

Week13

Week13

week11

week11

Midterm pp

Midterm pp

Midterm1-2

Midterm1-2

Mid2-1

Mid2-1

Minimum-mycology

Minimum-mycology

Minimum-virology

Minimum-virology

Minimum-general

Minimum-general

Minimum-systemic

Minimum-systemic

Mid2-2

Mid2-2

Mod2-3

Mod2-3

Minimum-systemic2

Minimum-systemic2

Minimum-parasitology

Minimum-parasitology

問題一覧

Type of antibiotic therapy, based on sensitivity tests

targeted

Type of antibiotic therapy, based on the symptoms and habits

empiric

Type of antibiotic therapy,, e.g. intestinal operation, oral surgery

prophylactic

Possible side effects of antibiotics, penicillins

allergy

Possible side effects of antibiotics, kidney, liver etc

direct toxicity

Possible side effects of antibiotics, killing the normal flora

disbacteriosis

Possible side effects of antibiotics, induction of ()

resistance

inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking

beta lactam

inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

vancomycin

Disruption of cell membrane

polymyxin

Inhibition of protein synthesis, at 30S ribosomal subunit (2)

aminoglycoside tetracycline

at 50S ribosomal subunit inhibitor(2)

macrolides chloramphenicol

• inhibition of folic acid synthesis (2)

sulphonamide trimethoprim

inhibition of DNA gyrase

fluoroquinolone

inhibition of RNA synthesis

rifampicin

beta-lactams, Inhibit () of peptidoglycan chains:

transpeptidation

penicillin, usually effective for Gram ()

positive

Cephalosporins, against Gram

positive negative

widest spectrum! • derived from penicillins

carbapenem

derived from cephalosporin

carbacephem

aztreonam

monobactam

Polypeptides antibiotics

bacitracin

Disruption of cell membrane, against Gram-negatives, for local treatment

polymixin

polymixins=()toxicity

nephro

Inhibition of protein synthesis =usually bacterio()

static

Aminoglycosidesn bacteiostatic or bactericid

bactericid

streptomycin; also against ()

Aminoglycosides, ()toxin, ()toxin

oto nephro

very wide spectrum,act on 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting the binding of aminoacil-tRNA

tetracyclines

Tetracyclines, side effect , () and () failure

liver kidney

wide spectrum dysbacteriosis,acts on 50S ribosomal subunit

chloramphenicol

Chloramphenicol, used for ()(), ()

typhus abdominalis influenzae

Chloramphenicol, side effect

bone marrow malfunction

act on 50S ribosomal subunit • inhibit the elongation of peptide chain

macrolide

clindamycin, lincomycin

lincosamide

inhibition of DNA gyrase (supercoiling)

quinolon

Sulphonamides bacteriostatic or bactericid

bacteriostatic

Trimethoprim bacteriostatic or bactericid

bactericid

directly breaks down DNA

metronidazol

RNA synthesis inhibition

rifampicin

against anaerobes + some protozoa

metronidazol

paints tear orange

rifampicin

penicillin + gentamicin

synergy

vancomycin+aminoglycoside

kidney failure

beta lactam + macrolides

antagonistic

() spectrum antibiotic damages in lesser extent the normal bacterial flora.

narrow

() spectrum antibiotics kill different and diverse bacterial pathogens, but unfortunately these damage also the normal bacterial flora in a larger extent.

broad

MIC

minimum bacteriostatic concentration

What does MBC mean?

minimal bactericidal concentration

How long should the pateint take antibiotics? acute infection: at least ()days

How long should the pateint take antibiotics? invasive infection()-()weeks

3 6

How long should the pateint take antibiotics? TB ()-() months

6 9

Chemotherapeutic index ()/()

DTM DCM

gentamicin

aminoglycoside

doxycyclin

tetracyclin

erythromycin

macrolids

clindamycin

lincosamide

SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS, penicillin

allergic reaction

SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS, aminoglycosides are nephrotoxic

toxic

dysbacteriosis

Spontaneous mutations develop in a single bacterium and this mutated gene will appear in the new generation of bacterial cells

vertical gene transfer

Bacteria can take up an accumulate resistance genes, plasmids and these can be exchanged between bacteria:

horizontal gene transfer

direct plasmid transfer between bactria through „sex pilus”

conjugation

chromosomal DNA can be transmitted between bacteria through bacteriophages

transduction

chromosomal DNA fragments can be taken up by bacteria

transformation

Target molecule of antibiotic is present in the bacterial cell, but the antibiotic can’t reach it.

intrinsic resistance

Mycoplasma bacterium has no cellwall. Therefore cellwall synthesis inhibitors (e.g.: beta-lactams) are naturally ineffective. Mycoplasma has () resistance against beta-lactams.

intrinsic

() binds to D-Ala in the cellwall, but this molecule is present only in the Gram-positive cellwall. Therefore all Gram-negative bacteria have intrinsic resistance against().

vancomycin

Aminoglycosides can enter the bacterial cell through a oxygen dependent transport. Therefore all () bacteria have intrinsic resistance against aminoglycosides

anaerob

Clavulanicacid ()+()

amoxicillin clavulanic acid

What does MRSA mean?

methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

How is MRSA treated? (2)

Vancomycin 5th generation cephlosporin

What does ESBL mean?

extended spectrum of beta lactamase enzyme

How are ESBL producing bacterial infections treated?

carbapenem

How are carbapenemase producing bacteria treated?

polymyxin

VRE

vancomycin resistant Enterococcus

List nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors antibiotics! (4)

quinolones rifampicin sulphonamide trimethoprim

List the cell wall synthesis inhibitor antibiotic classes! (4)

penicillin cephalosporin carbapenem glycopeptide

List the glycopeptide antbiotics! (2)

vancomycin teicoplanin

Which antibiotics alternate membrane function?

polymyxine

List protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics!

aminoglycoside tetracycline macrolide chloramphenicol linezolid