問題一覧
1
Constant region of an antibody is:
The C terminus of heavy chains
2
Characteristics of opsonization:
Process promoting phagocytosis
3
During the alternative pathway of complement activation, this factor has NO ROLE:
C4
4
What is an antigen?
Own or foreign substance provoking immune response
5
Antibodies in the organism
In blood plasma, in lymph, on B cell surfaces
6
In patients with deficiency of C6...
The resistance against Neisseria bacteremia decreases
7
If the levels of C3 and C4b complement proteins decreased, it would refer to:
Classical complement activation
8
Primary lymphoid organ
bone marrow, thymus
9
What types of cells are produced in the bone marrow?
Every myeloid and lymphoid cell type
10
Progenitor cells for monocytes in bone marrow
myeloid cells
11
True about bone marrow
generation of B cells and myeloid cells take place here
12
The place of affinity maturation
peripheray
13
Secondary immune organs are for
antigen recognition and activation of lymphocytes
14
In which tissues does T cell generation take place?
Thymus
15
The major site of T cell maturation is
Thymus
16
Which is not innate immune cells
plasma cells
17
true statement about the innate immune response
It is a first line defense
18
It is NOT a feature of innate immunity:
Secondary line of defense
19
They are professional phagocytes, except
basophils
20
The phagocytosis
belongs to natural immunity
21
The process of phagocytosis is directly not involved in
antibody synthesis
22
receptors involved in the innate response
can discriminate self and nonself
23
innate immunity is characterized by
involvement of macrophages and NK cells
24
Main function of neutrophil granulocyte
Phagocytosis
25
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils attack bacteria:
By phagocytosis
26
Which cell arrive irstvto the site of infection?
Pmn cells
27
38. The variable parts of the immunoglobulins are at:
N terminal of the chains
28
The chain structure of immunoglobulins
covalent tetramer
29
Types of the light chains of immunoglobulins may be:
Lambda (l) and kappa (k)
30
Isotype of the immunoglobuline refers to the
The constant region of the heavy chain
31
Which one of the following is a correct description of the basic symmetric core structure of an IgG antibody?
Two heavy chains and two light chains
32
_______, differentiated from _______, produce antibodies.
plasma cells; B-cells
33
What determines the idiotype of an antibody?
The variable domains of the heavy chains and the variable domains of the light chain together.
34
The antibody's antigen-binding site is formed primarily by:
the hypervariable regions of H and L chains.
35
changes during isotope switch; () regions of () chains
constant heavy
36
the Ag binding part of a B cell determines its
idiotype
37
The class of an immunoglobulin:
is determined by the heavy chain type
38
Where do we find IDCs in our body? Along the ()sites of microbes
entry
39
mDCs are in the () immune organs.
secondary
40
What makes the internal thioester bond accessible in the C4 and C3 molecules?
The cleavage by the C4 and C3 convertases
41
What is the immunological term for the covalent binding of C4b or C3b to a pathogen surface?
opsonization
42
Why soluble antibodies do not activate the classical pathway?
Because only the antigen-bound antibody undergoes a conformational change that enables complement activation
43
Why the natural autoantibodies do not active the complement system?
Because if they bind self antigens, in the meantime there are complement regulatory proteins present on the surface of our own cells
44
Why do many figures indicate C2aC4b instead of C2bC4b?
It is an old nomenclature
45
What is the origin of the designation of the complement system?
It is a serum component that complements the bacterium killing activity
46
Which statements are true for the complement system?
The number of the different types of its proteins > 30, The amount of its proteins is approximately 10% of the total serum proteins
47
Which immunological molecule category do C1q, MBL and ficolin belong to?
Soluble pattern recognition receptors
48
How is it possible that IgG, the structure of which is quite different from that of the pentameric IgM, can also activate the classical pathway?
multiple IgGs close to one another collectively enable C1q binding
49
What happens to the IgM molecule upon binding to the surface of a bacterium?
Instead of a planar state, it undergoes a conformational change and gains a staple form
50
The accessible thioester bond is only reactive for a couple of milliseconds, and afterwards it undergoes hydrolysis. What is the advantage of this?
This way, C3b and C4b can only bind to the surface in the immediate vicinity of the activating enzyme, and there is no damage to farther structures
51
Whatbis HLA molecule?
gene producr for human MHC molecules
52
HLA molecules are important to be typed in the following conditions:
tissue transplantation
53
Which protein has chemotactic activity and elevates the permeability of the vessels?
C3a
54
idiotype
Variable epitope of antigen binding surface
55
Antibodies to streptococcus pyogenes attack certain proteins in the heart valves, causing rheumatic fever. This is an example of:
Cross-reaction
56
Fc receptor binds
C terminus of IgG
57
Which part of the IgE antibody is responsible for binding to mast cells and basophils?
Fc region
58
Activation of the complement system includes
Activation of proteases
59
CD8+ T cells:
Are also known as cytotoxic T cells, Respond to Ag presented by HLA Class I molecules
60
Which complement protein is not a common component of the classical and alternative complement activation
C1
61
The binding of MBL to mannose-containing on mannose-containing molecules on pathogen surface:
Is an example of pattern recognition
62
The location of MHC in the genome
Became fixed in phylogeny
63
When the innate immune system encounters a foreign Ag, what cell surface molecule plays the role of recognizing the presence of foreign Ag?
TLR
64
Biological roles of the complement system
Lysis of bacteria
65
Which one is not referred to as a professional APC
T, Neutrophil
66
size of peptide in MHC2
10-24 aa
67
Main functions of basophil granulocytes
Histamine production
68
C5B forms a complex with:
C6, C7, C8, C9
69
Which statements is valid for HEV-s?
They are special postcapillary venules found permanently in lymph nodes and GALT
70
Defense mechanisms against soluble bacterial toxins
Ab
71
Complement genes in the MHC III region
C2, C4, B
72
Myeloperoxidase is acting in
Neutrophil granulocyte
73
Factor involved in mast cell and basophil degranulation:
C3a
74
The localization of the immune system
is diffuse in the body
75
clonal selection occurs when the antigen is encountered by a
T cell
76
What does somatic gene rearrangement result in?
a random combination of the possible VDJ and VJ gene segments
77
MHC Class I antigen complex recognized by
CD8 (cytotoxic) T cells
78
Bacteria are recognized by lectins through
Carbohydrates
79
Immune response against intracellular bacteria is mediated mostly by
Activated macrophages
80
NOT on the surface of macrophages
CD3 molecule
81
The number of thymocytes during the maturation
Decreases
82
Type I hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by:
IgE response related to immediate reactions
83
Monoclonal antibodies are
Products of artificially fused B cells
84
IgE
differs from IgG because of its heavy chains
85
The polypeptide chains in an Ig are held together primarily with:
Disulfide bonds
86
Which of the following bond is NOT responsible for linking an Ab to its cognate region of an Ag?
Disulfide bonds
87
The CDR region of an Ab:
Is a hypervariable sequence binding the epitope
88
Which statement is FALSE ?
Ig is composed of a heavy and a light chain
89
Fc receptors:
Membrane receptors interacting with IgG Fc region
90
LigandsforFCγreceptors
C terminus of IgG
91
High affinity Fce receptors are
On basophil granulocytes and mast cells
92
Chose the wrong answer. Cells expressing Fce R:
NK cells
93
determine idiotype
variable regions of light and heavy chains
94
Object of Ag presentation by CD1:
lipid
95
Which molecule is involved in the antigen presentation of lipids, CD
1
96
all T cell ,CD
3
97
The characteristic marker of cytotoxic T cells is: cd
8
98
Characteristic marker of B-cell: CD
19 20
99
CD34
Is a hematopoietic progenitor marker