問題一覧
1
anaerobic
protein synthesis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis
2
catebolic
proteolysis, lipolysis, glycogenolysis
3
insulin
promotes growth , activates PDE enzymes, accelerated amino acid transport into the cells, accelerates K transport into the cells
4
insulin secretion is stimulated by
aa, epi, GIP, inhibitors of ATP regulated inwardly rectifying K channels
5
activator of insulin secretion
GLP, glucose, aa, glucagon
6
glucose transport is insulin independent in which of the following tissues?
intestine, pancreas beta cells, cornea
7
True about pancreatic beta cells
the closure of KATP channels results in depolarization, depolarization if beta cells induces insulin secretion, glucose enters via GLUT2
8
insulin deficiency may lead to
electrolyte loss, abnormally high plasma glucose, metabolic acidosis, increased rate of glucose filtration in the kidney
9
true about insulin deficiency
can lead to increased protein breakdown in the muscle
10
true about diabetes mellitus
type2 diabetes can be treated by increasing insulin secretion of beta cells, type1 diabetes frequently appears prior to age20
11
Which cam enhance the glucagon production
aa, catecholamimes, cortisol
12
effects of glucagon
increased glucose output from the liver, increased plasma glucose level
13
glucagon
stimulates insulin secretion, is produced by pancreatic alpha, stimulates gluconeogenesis and glucose output of the liver, induces its effects via Gs GPCR
14
true about glucagon secretion
stimulated by GH, stimulated by basic aa, hypoglycemia stimulates it
15
precursors for glucose synthesis
aa, glycerol, lactate, G1P, G6P
16
Glucagon
accelerates the conversion of aa into glucose in the liver, accelerates the conversion of lactic acid into glucose in the liver, accelerates the conversion of glycerol into glucose in the liver
17
glucagon
facilitated by catecholamimes, secreted by the a cell, secretion is stimulated by high levels of plasma aa
18
increase plasma glucose level
glucagon, GH
19
increase plasma glucose level
cortisol, glucagon, GH, epinepjrine
20
epinephrine
increased glucose output from the liver, increased plasma glucose level, increased lactate production from skeletal muscle, liver glycogen is decreased
21
metabolic changes in acute stress
plasma glucose level increase, secretion of glucocorticoids is increased, insulin sensitivity decreases
22
consume primarily glucose
brain, cornea, testis, RBC
23
during short term fasting
proteolysis is increased, glucagon level is increased, gluconeogenesis is increased
24
after 20 hours of starvation
the liver is the main source of glucose
25
epinephrine is a potent hyperglycemia agent because of its ablity to
stimulate glucagon synthesis, inhibit insulin secretion, stimulate skeletal muscle glycogenolysis, stimulate hepatic glycogenolysis
26
response to hypoglicemia
glucagon, epinephrine, GH, cortisol
27
IGT ()mM-()mM
7.8 11.1
28
IFG: ()-()mM
6.1 7.0