問題一覧
1
Which helminths can develop hydatid cysts?
Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis
2
How can the hydatid cysts be treated?
By albendazole or surgical removal
3
What is the causative agent of Chagas diseases?
Trypansoma cruzi
4
How can Chagas disease spread?
By the faeces of the kissing bug during the bite
5
What is the treatment of Chagas disease?
Nifurtimox, the chronic stage is untreatable
6
What is the final host of Toxoplasma gondii?
Cats
7
In which population can Toxoplasma cause serious disease?
In pregnant women and in immunocompromised population
8
What is the treatment of toxoplasmosis?
Spiramycin, pyrimethamine combined with sulphonamide
9
What are the development stages of the protozoa?
Trophozoite and cyst
10
What are the properties of the trophozoite?
It is the active form: it can move, feed, multiply and die
11
What are the properties of the cyst?
It is responsible for survival in unfavourable environment, it is a dormant, inactive form.
12
How can the protozoa be classified?
By the type of movement: amoeba, ciliate, flagellate and sporozoa
13
Which helminth can cause protein deficiency (Kwashiorkor syndrome)?
Ascaris lumbricoides
14
Which helminth can cause diarrhoea and prolapse of rectum?
Trichuris trichiura
15
What are the blood flukes?
Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma haematobium
16
Which flukes can live in the intestinal venules?
Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum
17
Which fluke can live in the bladder venules?
Schistosoma haematobium
18
What is the treatment of schistosomiasis?
praziquantel
19
What kind of helminthic infection can spread to humans by eating the meat of a carnivore animal?
Trichinella spiralis
20
What is the diagnosis of trichinellosis?
Serology from blood
21
What is the treatment of the Trichinella infection?
Mebendazole, albendazole,
22
What are the symptoms of malaria (4 symptoms)?
periodic high fever, chills, headache, pain in joints and muscle, anaemia, hepato-and splenomegaly, kidney failure
23
How is malaria diagnosed?
From blood: thick droplet, thin film stained by Giemsa; serology, PCR
24
What is the treatment of malaria? (2 examples)
Chloroquine, mefloquine and artemisin, hypnozoites by primaquine
25
Prevention of malaria by chemoprophylaxis?
chloroquine, mefloquine, doxycycline
26
Prevention of malaria by vaccine?
A vaccine containing fusion protein is used for children living in some endemic areas in Africa ( effective against Plasmodium falciparum)
27
What is the most common intermediate host of the flukes?
water snail
28
Classification of the helminths by morphology?
Flatworms: flukes and tapeworms; roundworms
29
What are the most characteristic properties of the flukes (3 example)?
they are short, flat, leaf shaped, hermaphrodites,
30
What is the intermediate host of Taenia saginata?
cattle
31
How can malaria spread?
By the bite of Anopheles mosquito, transplacental and by transfusion
32
Which helminths can suck blood?
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus
33
What is the treatment of the infection caused by Ancylostoma and Necator?
mebendazole, albendazole
34
What is the treatment of taeniasis?
Niclosamide, mebendazole
35
Which protozoon can cause prostatitis?
Trichomonas vaginalis
36
Which protozoon can spread by sexual contact?
Trichomonas vaginalis
37
What kind of diseases can be caused by Cryptosporidium parvum?
watery diarrhoea which lasts for 1-2 week
38
What is the treatment of cryptosporidiosis?
Oral rehydration
39
Which helminth can cause paralytic ileus?
Strongyloides stercoralis
40
What is the causative agent of fascioliasis?
Fasciola hepatica
41
What is the treatment of fascioliasis?
bithionol or triclabendazole
42
What is the causative agent of fish tapeworm disease?
Diphyllobothrium latum
43
What is the treatment of diphyllobothriasis?
Niclosamide
44
Which vitamin deficiency can be cause by Diphyllobothrium latum?
The lack of B12 vitamin
45
How can Hymenolepis nana infection treated?
Niclosamide
46
How can Balantidium coli spread?
By fruits, vegetable contaminated by pig manure or by faeco-oral route
47
What are the symptoms of balantidiasis?
Diarrhoea and abdominal pain
48
Treatment of balantidiasis?
Metronidazole, tetracycline
49
What kind of human disease can be caused by Toxocara canis?
visceral larva migrans and ocular larva migrans syndrome
50
Which protozoa can spread by the bite of sandfly?
Leishmania sp.
51
What kind of disease can be caused by Leishmania sp.?
Cutan, mucocutan and visceral leishmaniosis
52
How can leishmaniasis be diagnosed?
Microscopy of Giemsa-stained of biopsy specimen
53
What is the treatment of leishmaniosis?
Stibogluconate in combination with g-IFN and amphotericin-B
54
What is the causative agent of the lung fluke disease?
Paragonimus westermani
55
What are the symptoms of paragonimiasis?
night sweats, fever, bloody sputum, chest pain
56
What is the treatment of paragonimiasis?
praziquantel or bithionol
57
Which protozoa can cause steatorrhea?
Giardia lamblia
58
What is the treatment of giardiasis?
Metronidazole
59
Which helminth can cause itching in the perianal area?
Enterobius vermicularis
60
What is the intermediate host of Taenia solium?
pig
61
What kind of human diseases can be caused by Taenia solium? (2 examples)
tapeworm infection and cysticercosis
62
What is the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis?
Naegleria fowleri.
63
What is the causative agent of amoebic keratitis?
Acanthamoeba castellanii
64
List two amoebas!
Entamoeba sp., Acantamoeba sp., Naegleria sp.
65
How can Enterobius vermicularis infection be treated?
Mebendazole
66
How can Enterobius vermicularis infection be diagnosed?
Microscopy of perianal sample taken by sticky cellulose tape
67
What is the causative agent of lymphatic filariasis, elephantiasis?
Wuchereria bancroti
68
How can elephantiasis spread?
By mosquito bite
69
What is the treatment of filariasis?
Diethylcarbamazine
70
Which helminth can appear in subconjunctival region?
Loa-loa
71
Which helminth can cause river blindness and elephant skin?
Onchocerca volvulus
72
What are the causative agents of Human African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)?
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense
73
How can the sleeping sickness spread?
By the bite of tsetse fly
74
What are the symptoms of sleeping sickness?
Lethargy, meningoencephalitis, dementia, coma
75
What is the treatment of sleeping sickness?
Suramin, melarsoprol, nifurtimox
76
What is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery?
Entamoeba histolytica
77
What can Entamoeba histolytica cause?
amoebic dysentery, liver, lung and brain abscess