PRELIMS

98問 • 9ヶ月前

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He said that "The ultimate Objectives of all investigative and detective works is nothing but search for truth and battle against lies"

DR. HANS GROSS

Father of criminalistics

DR. HANS GROSS

He states that "Physical Evidence Do not Lie, only that man somehow fails to interpret what the evidence is trying to tell us"

ALBERT OSBORN

Who is the Father of Questioned Document

ALBERT OSBORN

Refers to any form of changes be it an addition or a deletion to the original contents of a document.

ALTERATION

It refers to sheet of paper which contains no visible or readily visible writing.

BLANK PAPER

Blank paper might contain _____&_______.

DEPRESSED MARK AND LATENT WRITING

Refers to any property or mark which serves a distinguishing trait and inquestioned document examination it is commonly referred to as Identifying Details.

CHARACTERISTICS

What are the two groups of Characteristics in hand writing

CLASS AND INDIVIDUAL

it refers to critical comparison of two or more specimen or side by side examination.

COLLATION

It refers to the act of setting two or more specimens/items side by side to weigh their ldentifying qualities.

COMPARISON

It refers to the scientific results from relating observed facts by logical, common sense reasoning in accordance with established rules or laws.

CONCLUSION

An Expert's conclusion is commonly referred to in legal term as his "_______"

OPINION

Specimen of writing in which the letters are for the most part joined together.

CURSIVE WRITING

He is the person who studies scientifically the details and elements of documents so as to determine their source or to détermine authenticity.

DOCUMENT EXAMINER

He is also referred to as handwriting identification experts, although at present questioned document examiners work are so varied and complex.

DOCUMENT EXAMINER

Refers to the process of making clear or out of what is otherwise illegible or what has been effaced.

DECIPHERMENT

It is a specimen of writing executed deliberately by the author in trying to alter his usual writing habits in the hope of hiding his identity.

DISGUISED WRITING

It is the act of making a close or critical study of any material so as to discover facts about them.

EXAMINATION

It refers to the act of rubbing out or erasing or removing something from the document.

EFFACE

Effaced is also called as ______

ERASE

It can be accomplished either chemically or mechanically

Efface

Refers to specimen standards or disputed document which has been used for comparison.

EXEMPLARS

Is the term use when referring to specimen standards or questioned which is presented to court as evidence.

EXHIBITS

It is a legal term used to described a witness who by reason of his special technical training or experience is permitted to express an opinion regarding the issue, or a certain aspect of the issue, that is involved in a lawsuit.

EXPERT WITNESS

Characteristics is commonly referred to as _______

IDENTIFYING DETAILS

It refers to the act of simulating or copying or tracing somebody's signature without the permission of the later, for profit.

FORGERY

It is also defined as the act as Falsifying and counterfeiting of treasury or bank notes, paper bills or any instrumemispayable to the bearer or order.

FORGERY

It is the art of attempting to interpret the character or personality of an individual from his handwriting.

GRAPHOLOGY

Graphology is also called as ______

GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

Specimen of writing executed while the writers hand is a steadied.

GUIDED WRITING

Any disconnected style of writing

HAND LETTERING

Hand lettering is also known as ______

HAND PRINTING

Any document which is completely written and signed by one person.

HOLOGRAPHIC DOCUMENT

Holographic is derived from ______ word

LATIN

Latin word "holo" which means "_____" and graph" which means "_____"

HAND, WRITING

It is a genuine signature which has been used in preparing simulated or traced forgery.

MODEL SIGNATURE

Model signature is also called as ______

MODEL

Any specimen of writing executed normally without any attempt to control or alter its identifying habits.

NATURAL WRITING

Document Examiners are also referred to as _________

HANDWRITING IDENTIFICATION EXPERTS

Refers to the process by which an erased writing is develop

RESTORATION

Material compiled and organized by the document examiner to assist him in answering special questions comprises his reference collections which he regulary maintained.

REFERENCE COLLECTION

It refers to a document which is treated in such was as to minimize changes of forgery by erasure.

SAFETY PAPER

Check is a example of what kind of paper?

SAFETY PAPER

It refers to selected, representative portion of the whole.

SAMPLE

It refers to characteristics of writing which is sufficiently unique and well fixed to serve as a strong basis for the identity or non identity of the writing.

SIGNIFICANT WRITING HABITS

It refers to the degree of writing inclination relative to the baseline or the slope of writing.

SLANT

These are the condensed and compact set of authentic specimens which, if adequate and proper, should contain a true-cross section of the material from a known source.

STANDARD

It is the result of a very complicated series of acts being as a whole or a combination of certain forms of visible mental and muscular habits acquired by long continued painstaking effort.

WRITING

When we are writing, what two main aspects do we use that involve both body movement and thinking?

VISIBLE MENTAL AND MUSCULAR HABITS

It includes both the circumstances under which the writing was prepared and the factors which influence the writer’s ability to write and the time of the execution.

WRITING CONDITION

Refers to any repeated elements or details which may serve to individualize writing.

WRITING HABITS

Any writing executed with the opposite hand from that normally

WRONG HANDED WRITING

Wrong handed writing is a means of _______

DISGUISE

It refers to any material which contains marks, symbols or sign either visible, partly visible or invisible which may presently or ultimately convey a meaning or a message to someone.

DOCUMENT

Can a firearm be considered as document?

The serial number on the firearm can be used as documentary evidence

A specimen document, in which the origin is known, can be proven and can legally be used as sample to compare with other things in questioned.

STANDARD DOCUMENT

It also referred to condensed and a compact set of authentic specimen which, if adequate and proper should contain a true correction of the material from the known source.

STANDARD DOCUMENT

2 categories of documents

STANDARD DOCUMENT AND QUESTIONED DOCUMENT

Are those specimen standards which are obtain from the records files, these are executed in the ordinary course of mans activities be it social, business, official or personal affairs.

COLLECTED OR PROCURED STANDARD

It refers to those which are given or made upon request of an investigator or document examiner for purposes of making a comparative examination with the questioned specimen.

REQUESTED STANDARD

Requested standard is sometimes referred to as ________

DICTATED STANDARD

Requested standard term in Latin word

POST LITEM MOTAM STANDARD

It refers to document in which an issue has been raised or which is under scrutiny.

QUESTIONED DOCUMENT

These are documents can be questioned as to its origin, its contents, or the circumstances regarding its production every time that serious suspicion as to its genuineness was raised.

QUESTIONED DOCUMENT

How private documents will become a public documents

IT MUST BE NOTARIZED BY LAWYER OR A MEMBER OF PHILIPPINE BAR

It is a condition in which two or more persons argue with each other regarding a certain document, various authors agree to its use when referring to any document which is under scrutiny

DISPUTED DOCUMENT

is another term used interchangeably with the word questioned document.

DISPUTED DOCUMENT

Classes of Disputed Documents

DOCUMENT WITH QUESTIONED SIGNATURE, DOCUMENTS CONTAINING ALLEGED FRAUDULENT ALTERATION, HOLOGRAPHIC DOCUMENT, DOCUMENT QUESTIONED AS TO THEIR AGE OR DATE, DOCUMENT QUESTIONED AS TO THEIR MATERIAL USED IN THEIR PRUDUCTION, DOCUMENT INVOLVING TYPEWRITING THAT ARE INVESTIGATED OR EXAMINED FOR THE PURPOSE OF DETERMINING THEIR SOURCE, DATE, AND CONTACTS, DOCUMENTS WHICH MAY IDENTIFY PERSON THROUGH HANDWRITING, GENUINE DOCUMENT ERRONEOUSLY OR FRAUDULENTLY ALTERED OR DISPUTED

basic points to consider in obtaining standards (procured or collected)

SIMILARITY OF SUBJECT MATTER, AMOUNT OF WRITING STANDARDS, RELATIVE DATES OF THE QUESTIONED AND STANDARDS DOCUMENTS, WRITING INSTRUMENT AND PAPER USED, WRITING CONDITION

What is the most ideal number of writing standards to collect for accurate comparison?

7 OR MORE

What is the recommended time gap between the questioned document and the collected standards for reliable comparison?

AROUND 5 YEARS BEFORE OR AFTER

It refers to the need to collect writing samples that are of the same type as the questioned document.

SIMILARITY OF SUBJECT MATTER

What is the recommended minimum number of writing standards for proper comparison?

TRUE OR FALSE: The more writing standards you collect, the better the examination will be.

TRUE

It refers to the writer’s physical, mental, emotional, and psychological conditions that can affect the writing quality.

WRITING CONDITIONS

It refers to collecting as many writing samples as possible to make the examination more reliable.

AMOUNT OF WRITING STANDARDS

It refers to the need for the questioned document and the collected standards to be written close to each other in time, preferably within five years.

RELATIVE DATE OF THE QUESTIONED OR STANDARD DOCUMENT

It is the basic point that says the collected writing must match the questioned document in appearance and content.

SIMILARITY OF SUBJECT MATTER

It is the basic point that requires gathering a large number of writing samples to ensure a good basis for comparison.

AMOUNT OF WRITING STANDARDS

It is the basic point that requires the collected standards to be written at about the same time as the questioned document.

RELATIVE DATE OF THE QUESTIONED OR STANDARD DOCUMENT

It is the basic point that suggests using the same type of writing tools and materials as those used in the questioned document

WRITING INSTRUMENT AND PAPER USED

It is the basic point that reminds the examiner to consider if the writer was relaxed, tired, sick, or under stress when the writing was done.

WRITING CONDITIONS

Writing is a part of the daily life of practically everyone. Consequently, the potential sources of writing standards are ________.

NUMEROUS

a document created, executed or issued by a public official in response to the exigencies of the public service, or in the execution of which a public official intervened.

PUBLIC DOCUMENT

Refers to instrument authorized by a notary public or a competent public official with solemnities required by law.

PUBLIC DOCUMENT

a document which is issued by a public official in the exercise of the functions of his office. An official document is also a public document as a larger classification.

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT

A deed or instrument executed by a private person without the intervention of a notary public or other person legally authorized, by which documents, some disposition or agreement is proved, evidenced or set forth.

PRIVATE DOCUMENT

any document defined and regulated by the Code of Commerce.

COMMERCIAL DOCUMENT

is an information or the representation of an information, data figures, symbols or other mode of written expression, described or however represented

ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT

When evidence of authenticity of private documents not necessary

WHERE A PRIVATE IS MORE THAN 30 YEARS OLD

It refers to any private documents that is more than 30 years old

ANCIENT DOCUMENT

How genuiness of handwriting proved

THE HANDWRITING BE PROVED BY ANY WITNESSES

A private document can be admitted in court as authentic even without proof of its execution or authenticity.

FALSE

Before a private document is accepted as authentic evidence, its due __________ and __________ must first be proved.

EXECUTION AND AUTHENTICITY

According to Rule 132, Section 19, all other writings that are not considered public documents are classified as ___________.

PRIVATE DOCUMENT

It includes digitally signed documents and any printout or output, readable by sight

ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT

A document which is received, recorded, transmitted, stored, processed, retrieve or produce electronically.

ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT

CLJ1 FINALS

Adrian Ramirez · 95問 · 2年前

CLJ1 FINALS