Refers toharm inflicted on bodily tissue to the extent that the tissue requires a healing process to return to a healthy condition

Anything that applied in the body produces reaction in varying degrees

Stimuli that propduce physical injuries:

Involes the removal or amputation of body parts, which may include castration or other organs.

Covers cases where one person wounds, beats, or assault another resulting in injuries that may lead to insanity, imbecility, impotence, blindness, loss of speech or hearing, loss of an eye, hand, foot, arm, leg, or similar incapacitations.

Pertains to injuries that incapabilities the victim for 10 or more days but less 30 days. When commited with manifest intent, insult, or offend the injured person or under circumstance adding ignominy to the offense, a fine may also be imposed

When injuries do not require medical attention or do not prevent the victim from engaging in their habitual work

In all forms of physical injuries, the offender must _______________________

When there's no breach of continuity of skin or mucous membrane.

Are pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding.

An injury of the substance of the skin, discoloration of the surface due to extraversion of blood. This is due to application of blunt instruments.

Contusion depends on.....

Change in the color contusion:

Extraversion of blood in a newly formed cavity

Is a form of hematoma only that the extent of extraversion of blood is wider but thiner

Musco-eskeletal injuries

When there is a communication with the outside or break in the skin or mucous membrane

An open wound that characterized by the removal of the epithelial layer of the skin or brought about by the friction against hard, rough object.

solution of continuity of bone resulting from violence or some existing pathology.

tearing or rupture of muscle fibers or over stretching

the jarring of the brain leading to some commotion of the cerebral substance

intracranial, rupture of organs, or laceration of organs

Forms of abrasion

almost indistinguishable due to severity of friction and roughness of the object

several abrasion noted on the body surface of a person.

Types of Abrasion

tearing of the skin due to forcible contact of a blunt instrument.

produced by forcible contact on the body by sharp edge instrument.

produced by the forcible application and penetration of a sharp edged and sharp pointed instrument.

penetration of a sharp pointed weapon

soft tissue injury where a flap of tissue has been removed or is barely attached.

refer to an injury of the bone where a tendon or ligament has been ripped away from its insertion point.

Cutting-off part of the body

2 types of gunshot wounds

Characteristics between gunshot of entrance and exit

Shaped by the instrument or object reflecting on the body, like tire marks or radiator prints.

Resulting from instinctive self-protection reactions, including contusions or incised wound.

Special Types of Wound

wounds capable of causing death

Wounds that do not endanger one’s life

Evidence to show that the wound is accidental:

Evidence to show that the wound is homicidal:

signifies that the injuries are located beneath the impact (usually caused by blow)

the injuries are on the opposite side from where the blow was initiated.

damage to the brain on both sides

injury found both at the site or opposite the site of the application of the force but in some areas offering least resistance to the force applied.

injury involving a greater area beyond the site of the application of force.

Involuntary spasmodic painful contraction of muscles Due to dehydration and excessive loss of chlorides by sweating

Heart failure primarily caused by heat and precipitated by muscular exertion and warm clothing

caused by hot liquid near boiling point, or in its gaseous state; term applies to tissue destruction by moist heat

caused by dry heat by the application of heat or chemical substances, produced by fire, radiant heat, solid substances, fire, friction and electricity

are the action strong acids, alkaline and other irritant chemicals

Types of Burn

Is a condition wherein there is interference in the process of respiration resulting to impairment of normal exchange of the respiratory gases where by the supply of oxygen to the blood and tissue has been reduced below the normal level.

Strangulation by ligature is usually homicidal and is done by tying the ligature around the neck and the two ends pulled in the opposite direction in such a manner that tightens the ligature.

is a state of injury or death of the body whereby the ligature tightened around the neck by the suspension of the body.

Types of hanging

A form of strangulation where by the hands are used in applying pressure to the neck and obstructing the air passage.

A form of strangulation wherein metal collar or strap is placed around the neck.

A form of strangulation wherein the assailant stands at the back of the victim and forearm is applied in front of the neck.

is caused by deprivation of oxygen either due to lack of oxygen in environment or from obstruction of air passages. In general it indicates asphyxia.

closing mouth and nostrils by solid objects

happen when something blocks a person's airway and prevents breathing

type of suffocation induced by the submersion of the mouth and nose in a liquid.