CDI 2 CHAPTER 7 & 8

64問 • 1年前

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Refers toharm inflicted on bodily tissue to the extent that the tissue requires a healing process to return to a healthy condition

Physical injuries

Anything that applied in the body produces reaction in varying degrees

Stimulus

Stimuli that propduce physical injuries:

1. Heat 2. Cold 3. Strong light 4. Radiation 5. Electrical Energy 6. Chemical Energy 7. Physical Violence

Involes the removal or amputation of body parts, which may include castration or other organs.

Mutilation(Art 262)

Covers cases where one person wounds, beats, or assault another resulting in injuries that may lead to insanity, imbecility, impotence, blindness, loss of speech or hearing, loss of an eye, hand, foot, arm, leg, or similar incapacitations.

Serious Physical Injuries (Art 263)

Pertains to injuries that incapabilities the victim for 10 or more days but less 30 days. When commited with manifest intent, insult, or offend the injured person or under circumstance adding ignominy to the offense, a fine may also be imposed

Less Serious Physical Injuries (Art 265)

When injuries do not require medical attention or do not prevent the victim from engaging in their habitual work

Slight Physical Injuries

In all forms of physical injuries, the offender must _______________________

lack an intention to kill the victim

When there's no breach of continuity of skin or mucous membrane.

Close Wound

Are pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding.

Petechiae

An injury of the substance of the skin, discoloration of the surface due to extraversion of blood. This is due to application of blunt instruments.

Contusion (bruise)

Contusion depends on.....

1. Age 2. Sex 3. Body Site 4. Natural Disease

Change in the color contusion:

• 4-5 days color changed to green • 7-10 days color changed to yellow and gradually disappear on the 14th or 15th days

Extraversion of blood in a newly formed cavity

Hematoma (blood tumor)

Is a form of hematoma only that the extent of extraversion of blood is wider but thiner

Ecchymosis

Musco-eskeletal injuries

1. Fracture 2. Strained or Strain 3. Cerebral or Brain Concussion 4. Internal Hemorrhage

When there is a communication with the outside or break in the skin or mucous membrane

Open Wound

An open wound that characterized by the removal of the epithelial layer of the skin or brought about by the friction against hard, rough object.

Abrasion

solution of continuity of bone resulting from violence or some existing pathology.

Fracture

tearing or rupture of muscle fibers or over stretching

Strain

the jarring of the brain leading to some commotion of the cerebral substance

Cerebral or Brain Concussion

intracranial, rupture of organs, or laceration of organs

Internal Hemorrhage

Forms of abrasion

1. Linear 2. Multi-linear 3. Confluent 4. Multiple

almost indistinguishable due to severity of friction and roughness of the object

Confluent

several abrasion noted on the body surface of a person.

Multiple

Types of Abrasion

1. Scratches 2. Grazes 3. Impact or imprint abrasion 4. Pressure or friction abrasion

tearing of the skin due to forcible contact of a blunt instrument.

Lacerated Wound

produced by forcible contact on the body by sharp edge instrument.

Incised Wound

produced by the forcible application and penetration of a sharp edged and sharp pointed instrument.

Stabbed Wound

penetration of a sharp pointed weapon

Punctured Wound

soft tissue injury where a flap of tissue has been removed or is barely attached.

Avulsion

refer to an injury of the bone where a tendon or ligament has been ripped away from its insertion point.

Avulsion

Cutting-off part of the body

Mutilation

2 types of gunshot wounds

1. Entry Wound 2. Exit Wound

Characteristics between gunshot of entrance and exit

1. Size of wound 2. Edge of the wound 3. Contusion collar 4. Shape of the Wound 5. Gunpowder Tatooing 6. Parafin Test

Shaped by the instrument or object reflecting on the body, like tire marks or radiator prints.

Patterned wound

Resulting from instinctive self-protection reactions, including contusions or incised wound.

Defense Wound

Special Types of Wound

1. Patterned Wound 2. Defense Wound

wounds capable of causing death

Lethal Wound

Wounds that do not endanger one’s life

Non-Lethal Wound

Evidence to show that the wound is accidental:

1. Usually there is one shot 2. There is no special area on the body involved 3. Testimony of the witnesses

Evidence to show that the wound is homicidal:

1. No point of election 2. Usually at some distance 3. defense wounds 4. Disturbance of surroundings 5. Firearm not found 6. Testimony of Witness

signifies that the injuries are located beneath the impact (usually caused by blow)

Coup

the injuries are on the opposite side from where the blow was initiated.

Contre-coup

damage to the brain on both sides

Coup contre-coup

injury found both at the site or opposite the site of the application of the force but in some areas offering least resistance to the force applied.

Locus Minoris Resistencia

injury involving a greater area beyond the site of the application of force.

Extensive Injury

Involuntary spasmodic painful contraction of muscles Due to dehydration and excessive loss of chlorides by sweating

Heat Cramps

Heart failure primarily caused by heat and precipitated by muscular exertion and warm clothing

Heat Exhuastion

caused by hot liquid near boiling point, or in its gaseous state; term applies to tissue destruction by moist heat

scald

caused by dry heat by the application of heat or chemical substances, produced by fire, radiant heat, solid substances, fire, friction and electricity

Thermal Burn

are the action strong acids, alkaline and other irritant chemicals

Chemical Burn

Types of Burn

1. Thermal Burn 2. Chemical Burn 3. Mechanical Burn 4. Electrical Burn 5. Radiation Burn 6. Cold Burn

Is a condition wherein there is interference in the process of respiration resulting to impairment of normal exchange of the respiratory gases where by the supply of oxygen to the blood and tissue has been reduced below the normal level.

Asphyxia

Strangulation by ligature is usually homicidal and is done by tying the ligature around the neck and the two ends pulled in the opposite direction in such a manner that tightens the ligature.

Asphyxia by strangulation

is a state of injury or death of the body whereby the ligature tightened around the neck by the suspension of the body.

Asphyxia by hanging

Types of hanging

1. Suicidal Hanging 2. Homicidal Hanging 3. Accidental Hanging

A form of strangulation where by the hands are used in applying pressure to the neck and obstructing the air passage.

Throttling or manual strangulation

A form of strangulation wherein metal collar or strap is placed around the neck.

Garroting

A form of strangulation wherein the assailant stands at the back of the victim and forearm is applied in front of the neck.

Mugging

is caused by deprivation of oxygen either due to lack of oxygen in environment or from obstruction of air passages. In general it indicates asphyxia.

Asphyxia by suffocation

closing mouth and nostrils by solid objects

Smothering

happen when something blocks a person's airway and prevents breathing

Choking

type of suffocation induced by the submersion of the mouth and nose in a liquid.

drowning

CLJ1 FINALS

Adrian Ramirez · 95問 · 2年前

CLJ1 FINALS