Is a disc of transparent glass generally bounded by two spherical surfaces capable of transforming an image

The eye of the camera is also the heart of the camera

Is a piece of transparent material made of glass or plastic with two (2) opposite symmetrical (proportional or well-balanced) surfaces or at least one curved surface

TYPES OF LENS

they differ in the way they are curved and, therefore, in the manner in which they refract light

A type of lens with at least one surface curving outward. It is thicker in the middle than at the ends.

It is used in the focusing assembly of the camera

It gathers light rays and refracts them to meet at a certain point.

Types of Convex Lens

lens with both faces bulging outward

lens with one flat side and convex side

lens where the concave side is less pronounced than the convex side.

A type of lens with at least one surface curving inward. It spreads out those light rays that have been refracted through it.

A lens that is thicker at the edges than at the center

lens with both sides curving inward

lens with flat side and one concave side

lens where the concave side is pronounced than the convex side.

TYPE OF CONCAVE LENS

simple lens generally produces aberrated images. It consists of two or more simple lens fitted together.

a lens with a maximum aperture of f/2.8 or larger is a ________ because it delivers more light intensity to the focal plane, allowing a faster shutter speed.

It is the largest opening of the diaphragm that the light can pass through

It is the light-transmitting power of the lens at its maximum aperture, or f-stop setting

a lens with a maximum aperture of f/3.5 or smaller is a _________ because it delivers less light intensity and requires a slower shutter speed.

the size of the image produced by a lens depends upon several factors like camerato-subject distance and focal length.

is the closest distance at which the lens can be focused while keeping the object at infinity acceptably sharp, that is, the focus distance with the maximum depth of field

It controls (a) magnification (the size of the image formed by the lens) and (b) angle of view (the amount of the scene shown on a given size of film).

a lens with a focal length about equal to the diagonal size of the film or sensor format is considered to be a normal lens.

the angle of view of the human eye which is _________

It shows the subject in a way that is similar to the image seen by the naked eye

The angle of view is 45 degrees to 60 degrees

a mechanical assembly of lens elements for which the focal length (and thus angle of view) can be varied, as opposed to a fixed focal length (FFL) lens or prime lens.

It allows a quick adjustment to give a wider or narrower field of vision

It can make the subject appears closer without changing the camera position

This type of lens allows more of the scene to be included in the photograph, which is useful in architectural, interior, and landscape photography where the photographer may not be able to move farther from the scene to photograph it.

a lens with longer focal lengths that constrict the field of view and decrease the depth of field while greatly magnifying the image

ultra-wide-angle lens that does not produce a rectilinear image is called a ________

Types of Zoom Lens

Special Types of Lenses

a lens that is capable of producing a reproduction ration of 1:1. It is specifically designed for close-up work, with long barrel for close focusing and optimized for high reproduction ratios, and one of the most common tools of macrophotography.

is an extreme close-up photography, usually of very small subjects, in which the size of the subject in the photograph is greater than life size.

The taking of a photograph of an object in a very reduced size or tiny images of large object.

Taking of photograph through a microscope

Is the failure of light rays to focus properly after passing through a lens or being reflected from a mirror.

it is the focusing at different points of rays passing through different parts of a spherical lens.

it is the failure of different colored light rays to focus after passing through a lens

it is the inability of the lens to bring horizontal and vertical lines in the subject to the same plane of focus in the image.

It occurs when light falling obliquely on the lens and passing through different circular zones

a curved, concave, or saucer-shaped image of an object that has a flat surface.

when there is a different magnification for the ray's angle.

a lens effect that causes images to be sphered or "inflated

a lens effect that causes images to pinched at their center.

It is the result of double refraction from inner lens surfaces. It exhibits itself as a misty, hazy, or cloudy semi-circular path of life.

It refers to spots on the film caused by stray light worn on shiny parts of the lens, such as the spots on the shutter, lens mount, or from inside the camera itself.

Are colored disks of glass or gelatin which when placed in front of a camera lens, stop one or another color of light from passing through and striking the film.

They are used to change the composition of available light before allowing it to strike the film.

Police Filters For Police Photography

it is used effectively when photographing blood. When used outdoors, a blue filter will make the sky, or any blue object, appear white in the photograph.

it is used to photograph white cars; the details of the car will stand out. It also cut through haze to a certain extent and can be used with good results to photograph an accident on a hazy day.

a filter which screens out the violet end of the spectrum. It is placed in front of a lens and left there. It will not only improve most of the police photographer’s work, it will also prevent the lens from being scratched

These are filters which do not affect the color or tonal quality of the scene except for the sky. They can be used both for color and black-and-white films.

These are filters which do not affect the color or tonal quality of the scene except for the sky. They can be used both for color and black-and-white films.

is used to cut down light transmission. It does not affect the tonal quality of the scene.

does not affect the transmitted colors in a way that will change its color temperature.