means that the crime incident happened within the area or place that a certain police station holds or covers.

refers to the office of local police that has jurisdiction within the area and exercises control over the community and persons movement by enforcing the laws necessary for the maintenance of peace and order.

Refers to the PLACE where crime took place

Refers to the OCCURRENCE of a certain crime

Refers to the group of police personnel charged with the investigation and processing of the crime scene which include but not limited to the search, collection, marking, tagging, preservation and transfer of evidence.

Investigative Procedure/s:

MAC rule

an evidence which when not collected at appropriate time may diminish or loss its value such as urine, blood, semen, etc.

an evidence which may be broke if collected inattentively.

is defined as the systematic procedure employed by the investigating team in order to recognize, collect and preserve the evidence or any object/s found in the crime scene that has a logical connection to the case.

Methods of search:

is done through following a straight path in an area. Upon reaching the end, the searcher turns and follows again a straight path but parallel to the first path he takes. This process continues until the search of the entire area is done.

Is almost similar with strip method. As the term suggests, “double” meaning after the entire area is done searching using strip method, the searcher will again start another process but this time at the other side at right angles from where you started.

Is done when the area to be searched is circular in nature. The searcher may start either from the center or outside although commonly searcher usually starts from the outside following a circular shape until they finish searching the entire area.

Is also applicable in circular areas similar to the spiral method. However, the searcher starts in the center and is best applied when there are plenty of searchers. From the center, they follow a straight path toward outside unlike in radial that they follow a circular pattern.

Is best applicable in crime scene covering a wider range. In this method, the crime scene is divided into four quadrants and the searcher may select what type of search should be done in each quadrant. It could be either be strip, double strip, radial, wheel or zone method.

Refers to the process of identifying and recognizing any objects in the crime scene by way of placing the letter symbol or number

physical evidence by way of placing the appropriate evidence tag containing the description of the item, the date and the initial of the collecting officer.

Refers to the actual gathering and lifting of evidence from the crime scene to the custody of the appropriate office.

these are taken outside of the crime scene purposely to show location, direction and the place of crime incident.

these shots are taken to show the different divisions of the crime scene as this medium will allow investigators to clearly see the nature of the crime committed.

these shots are done to individual evidence to show what constitutes the crime and how it was committed.

elements of sketch

basic information regarding the case such as the nature of the crime, the time and date of incident and the location of the crime.

this pertains to the dimension and the distance of the relative object to one another.

these refers to the pieces of physical evidence found at the crime scene.

this refers to the use of words or number to represent an item in the crime scene.

refers to the north direction from when the sketch was drawn

is the representation of the sketch to the actual size of the scene.

types of sketch

Methods of Measuring Individual Evidences

Is the process of assessing the significance of individual evidence that should be subjected for further examination such as transmittal of firearm to crime laboratory for ballistics examination or transmittal of electronic devices such as cellphones or laptops to Anti-Cybercrime Group (ACG) for digital examination

is the person who take charge with the responsibility and control in handling and disposal of evidence.

is any material upon which the writing or note taking is done to keep and maintain the record and disposal of evidence

Is defined as the discharge of the crime scene from the custody of authorized law enforcement officer to the lawful occupant, owner, or any person who is charged with the responsibility and management of the place where the crime happened.

refers to the action taken by the investigating team to ensure that all items have been gathered which includes the proper documentation of all circumstances under which the physical evidence was collected.

 is a method of solving a crime that starts with the creation of a theory of how it occurred. Deductive reasoning is then used to clarify and test that theory.

is the process of recognizing the potential physical evidence that has or may have evidential value and separate it from those items which are not significant in the progress of the investigation.

is the process of comparing groups of standards from the one collected at the crime scene to establish its identity

this involves the process of establishing the uniqueness of the physical evidence taken from the crime scene; and

is the final stage undertaken in order to fully reconstruct the crime considering all related factors such as crime scene evaluation, laboratory results, individuality of physical evidence and other independent information from various sources to provide better understanding and explanation as to how the crime was committed.

is the process of substituting all necessary items or actions at the crime scene through the use of what is documented or with the aid of investigators log.

is the process of reenacting and portraying the crime incident based on their previous knowledge regarding the event by having the offender, victim or witness to play such role.

Refers to the manner and methods employed or used a well as the sequence of various actions taken by the perpetrator in committing the crime

Is defined as the psychological process of establishing the characteristics of the most likely individual who might have committed the crime based on the evaluation of the crime scene and the placement of physical evidence.

refers to the compilations of photographs of known criminals.

refers to the composite drawing of a suspect’s face done by an artist

refers to the pad of paper such as work pad, tickler, or notepad and the like which is used to remember the details regarding the commission of the crime and in any manner aids the investigator in refreshing his memory to recall matters related to the case under investigation.

Standard Procedure in Maintaining the Chain of Custody

Is referred to as taking of person suspected to have committed an act to which the law defines it a crime into the custody of any law enforcement agencies which has the authority to do so in order to answer queries in line with matters concerning the commission of the crime.

is the taking of person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the commission of an offense.

is an order in writing issued in the name of the People of the Philippines; signed by the judge and directed to a peace officer, commanding him; to arrest a person or persons stated therein and deliver them before the court.

Is defined as the arrest made by any law enforcer without the benefit of a warrant.

means a reasonable bases to establish a well founded belief that the person may have committed an act .

When in the presence of the arresting person, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is attempting to commit an offense.

When an offense has just been committed and the arresting person has probable cause to believe based on personal knowledge of the facts and circumstances that the person to be arrested committed it.

When the person to be arrested is a prisoner who has escaped from a penal establishment or place where he is serving final judgment or is temporarily or confined while his case is pending, or has escaped while being transferred from one confinement to another

It is conducted to determine the validity of arrest.

defined a the informal and summary investigation conducted by public prosecutor in a criminal cases.

Rules in Making arrest

Rights of arrested person

Is any questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody of otherwise deprived of his freedom of action in any significant way.

Is the document prepared by the investigating officer during the investigation process containing all necessary information about the confession of the person brought before the custody of law.

Is a crime against the fundamental law of the state committed by any public officer or employee

Is a crime against the fundamental law of the state committed by any public officer or employee in any of the following: