Anti infectives (Unit7)

Phenols.

Higher concentration.

Menthol, Thymol

Phenols.

Liquified phenol.

p-Chlorophenol.

4

PC-MX

Metasep.

p-Chloro-m-Xyleneol

Tinea (Ringworm), Athletes foot., Jock itch.

Phisohex, Surgicon, Gamophen

Antiseptic

Hexachlorophene

Neurotoxic.

Antiseptic in mouthwash, Dental analgesic.

14.4

Eugenol

Cresol.

Chlorocresol.

Preservatives.

Thymol.

Thymol.

Oil of thyme.

Hexyresorcinol, USP

Antiseptic, Mild anesthetic., Bactericidak, Fungicidal, Surfactant.

Resorcinol.

Resorcin.

Weak antiseptic, Keratolytic

Ringworm, Eczema, Psoriasis, Seborrheic dermatitis

Hextresorcinol, Antiseptic and mild anesthetic, bactericidal, fungicidal, surfactant

4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol, local anesthetic effect but used also as antiseptic in mouthwashes, dental analgesic, Phenol coefficient of 14.4

Oxidizing agent.

Hydrogen peroxide.

Gly-Oxide, A stable complex of urea and hydrogen peroxide, Commercial preparation is a solution of 12.6% carbamide peroxide in anhydrous glycerin, Upon addition of water → Liberation of hydrogen peroxide

Carbamide peroxide.

Benoxyl, Oxy-5, Oxy 10, Vanoxide, Chemical unstable, keratolytic agent and keratogenic substance for acne (5-10%), Induces proliferation of epithelial cells, leading to sloughing and repair

Iodoform

Elemental iodine (I2), Tincture and a liniment

Iodine tincture

Strong iodine solution

Lugol solution

Iodine solution.

Iodine.

Iodine

Povidone iodine

Active germicidal species, Formed when chlorine is dissolved in water, This led to the development and use of the first inorganic hypochlorite salts such as NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2.

N-chloro derivatives

amides, amidines, imides

N-Chloro

Halazone

A N-N-Dichloroazodicarbonamidine (Azochloramid ©), Glyceryltriacetate solution is used as a wound dressing. ., The antiseptic action is long-lasting because of its extremely slow reaction with water

Cationic surfactant

Cationic surfactant

Causes cell wall lysis, Quaternary NH4 compounds which ionize in water

§ Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride, Uses: Detergent, emulsifying agent, or wetting agent, Zephiran

benzyldimethyl[2-[2-[[4[(1,1,3,3- tetramethylbutyl)tolyl]oxy]ethoxy]ethyl]am monium chloride, Diaparene, Use: To control diaper rash in infants caused by C. albicans (Produces ammonia)

Ceeprin ©, Uses: Lozenges, troches, and mouthwashes as local-infective action, The most active of a series of alkyl pyridinium derivatives

Cetylpyridinium Chloride

Chlorhexidine gluconate (Hibiclens), The most effective of a series of antibacterial biguanides originally developed in Great Britain

Gentian violet, basic fuchsin

Methylene blue

Cationic dyes

Vaginal suppositories, 1-3% solution, Oral.

Gentian Violet, Basic fuchsin

hexamethyl-p-rosaniline chloride, crystal violet, methyl violet,, methylrosaniline chloride

treatment of yeast infections, 1-3% treatment of ringworm, anthelmintic for strongyloidiasis (threadworm) and oxyuriasis

Topical – treatment of ringworm and athlete’s foot, Component of Carbol-fuchsin solution (Castellani’s paint), A mixture of the chlorides of rosaniline and p-rosaniline.

Methyl blue

Used: Weak antiseptic, treatment of cystitis and urethritis, Characteristics: Bacteriostatic, colors the urine and stool blue-green

Elemental mercury

White precipitate, Impetigo, psoriasis, and ringworm

Mercuric oxide

Does not unionized readily

Ionized partially

Metaphen ©, 3-(Hydroxymercuri)-4-nitro-o-cresol, The sodium salt probably has the ”inner salt” structure in which the inner shell electrons of mercury are occupied.

Merthiolate, Weakly bacteriostatic antiseptic, Applied topically in ointments or aqueous solutions

Thiomerosal

They possess antifungal properties, Rapidly hydrolyze in-vivo to pHydroxybenzoic acid (low toxicity)

Methyl ester

Propyl ester.

Chlorobutanol

Orange oil, rose oil, 2- phenyl ethanol, Used primarily in perfumery

It occurs naturally in gum benzoin and in Peru and tolu balsams., It is more effective as a preservative in foods and pharmaceutical products

Sodium benzoate

Effective antifungal agent that is used as preservative, Most effective at low pH

It is used in concentrations of 1:10,000 to 1:50,000 to preserve injectables against bacterial contamination, Bacteriostatic effectiveness is reduced in the presence of serum