is the force per unit length existing at the interface between two immiscible liquid phases, and like surface tension, has the units dynes/cm.

No interface possible.

Liquid surface, body of water exposed to atmosphere.

Solid surface, table top.

Liquid-liquid interface, emulsion.

Suspension

Powder particles in contact.

It is explained as being due to the pressure difference across the curved meniscus of the liquid in the capillary. Hence, the liquid will move up the capillary until the hydrostatic head produced equals the pressure drop across the curve meniscus

The principle of this instrument depends on the fact that the force necessary to detach a platinum-iridium ring immersed at the surface or interface is proportional to the surface or interfacial tension.

Molecules or ions that are adsorbed at interfaces

An alternative term is an amphiphile which suggests that the molecule or ion has a certain affinity for both polar and non polar solvents

Carbohydtes, Sulfonates, Sulfates

Salts formed from fatty acids and an organic amine such as triethanolamine

Alkali soaps such as K+,Na+ , & NH4 + salts of lauric acid and oleic acid (True/False)

Ca++,Mg++,& Al+++ salts of fatty acids (True/False)

Used more as antiseptic

inactivated in the presence of anions; used as preservative for eye drops

most stable; undissociated surfactants; most widely used

Give 5 examples of non-ionic that most widely used.

contains both anion and cation

What are examples of Ampotheric.

HLB: 1-10 lipophilic surfactants (True/False)

HLB: above 10-20 hydrophilic surfactants (True/False)

Used as antifoaming agents, w/o emulsifying agent and wetting agent

Commercially available as Span, Arlacel, Glyceryl monostearate

Span 20

Span 40

Span 60

Span 65

Span 80

Span 85

Aracel 83

Used as o/w emulsifying agent, detergents and solubilizing agent

Commercially available as Tween, Myrj, Polysorbate

Acacia (10-20%) , gelatin, lecithin, cholesterol, agar, methylcellulose