Pharmaceutical chemistry 1.1

35問 • 1年前

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These are compounds with the same molecular formula and same molecular weight but different structural formulas, which differ in physical and chemical properties

Isomers.

are molecules that contain the same number and kinds of atoms, the same arrangement of bonds, but different three-dimensional structures

Stereoisomers.

the ability of a drug to exist as optically active stereoisomers or enantiomers

Charlity.

individual enantiomers may not have the same pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity

Chirality.

Same atoms but linked together differently

Constitutional isomers.

Isomer that contain different functional group.

Functional group isomers.

Isomers that differ in the location of functional group.

Positional isomer.

Isomers with different carbon atom arrangements and different hydrogen atoms arrangements.

Skeletal isomers.

Positioning the different functional groups in their sites of action

Stereoisomers.

contain at least one asymmetric, or chiral, carbon atom

Optical isomers.

carbons that have four non-identical substituents around them

Chiral.

Each asymmetric carbon atom can exist in one of two non-superimposable isomeric forms (T/F)

True.

Optical isomers are mirror images of one another and are non-superimposable

Enantiomers.

Have identical physical and chemical properties except that one rotates the plane of polarized light

Enantiomers.

equal mixture of d and l enantiomers optically inactive

Racemic mixture.

Enantiomers are optically active: Compounds that rotate plane-polarized light (T/F)

True.

Chiral compound that rotates light towards the right (clockwise; +)

Dextrorotatory.

Chiral compound that rotates light towards left (counterclockwise; - )

Levorotatory.

In D and L you need to look at the structure + and - are determined by using a polarimeter (True/False)

True.

Enantiomers can have large differences in potency, receptor fit, biological activity, transport, and metabolism. These differences result when the drug molecule has an asymmetric interaction with a receptor, a transport protein, or metabolizing enzyme. (True/False)

True.

Neither mirror images nor superimposable Drugs must have at least two chiral centers to exist in diastereomers

Diastereomers.

Unlike enantiomers, in which all stereochemical centers are opposite, diastereomers have some stereochemical centers that are identical and some that are opposite (T/F)

True.

A special type of diastereomers because all epimers are also diastereomers (T/F)

True.

compounds that are structurally identical in all respects except for the stereochemistry of one chiral center. The process of epimerization (in which the stereochemistry of one chiral center is inverted) is important in drug degradation and inactivation

Epimers.

Occurs due to restricted rotation of double bonds based on the longest chain not mirror images and have different physicochemical properties and pharmacologic activity

Geometric isomers.

The relative position of the two higher-priority groups (based on the?

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rules

(Z)-alkene on the same side (German; zusammen = together) (T/F)

True.

(E)-alkene on opposite sides (German; entgegen = opposite) (T/F)

True.

Non-superimposable orientations of a molecule which result from the rotation of atoms about single bonds

Confirmational isomers.

Provide a more exact representation of the three-dimensional conformation of sugars in nature

Confirmational isomers.

Compounds or groups of atoms having the same number and arrangement of electrons

Isosteresm

Functional groups that are interchangeable with minimal impact on the activity of a molecule.

Isosters.

containing groups that are spatially and electronically equivalent and, thus, interchangeable without significantly altering the molecules’ physicochemical properties

Bioisosteres.

Groups are interchangeable based on similar charge and hydrogen bonding

Bioisosteres.

may act antagonistically to the parent molecule

Isosteric analogs.

Cell structure.

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 28問 · 2年前

Cell structure.