the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule.

Prefer cold temperature of 10-20°C .

Glucose undergoes glycolysis to pyruvic acid, then fermentation or anaerobic respiration in which oxygen is not the final electron acceptor

Some microbial stage can survive desiccation. (True/False)

Glucose without oxygen.

Glucose is completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O, requiring 21% oxygen.

What are the terms relating to energy source

Most bacteria are not affected by minor changes in some thrive at normal atmospheric pressure.

Death is due to reduced nutrients, pH changes, toxic waste and reduced oxygen. Cells are smaller and have fewer ribosomes.

In some cases cells do not die but they are not multiplying.

He demonstrated that fermentation is caused by microorganisms.

complete drying process.

What are the four growth phases

the pressure that is exerted on a cell membrane by solutions both inside and outside the cell.

In alcohol fermentation, acetaldehyde is reduced by NADH to produce ethanol.

The population is dying in a geometric fashion so there are more deaths than new cells.

OGT is 4°C (refrigerator temperature)

All living organisms require nutrients – various chemical compound use to sustain life.

Organisms are adjusting to the environment (little or no division).

All living organisms require water to carry out their normal metabolic processes, and most will die in environments containing too little moisture. (True/False)

Division is at a constant rate (generation time) but varies with species, temperature and media.

In the (7) give the 5-7 that affect microbial growth.

required for the synthesis of proteins.

The temperature at which the microorganisms grows best.

Heterolactic fermentors can use the pentose phosphate pathway to produce lactic acid and ethanol.

This refers to the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution and, thus, the acidity or alkalinity of the solution

In the (8) give at least first 4 Factor that affect microbial growth

Below this, the microorganisms cease to grow

Requires carbon dioxide to survive.

The total ATP yield is less than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycle operates under anaerobic conditions. (True/False)

Required for synthesis of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Above this, the microorganisms die

The metabolic process is comparable to obligate aerobes but requires 1-15 % oxygen.

What are the Terms Relating To Carbon Source

Cells are composed of how many % of water?

What are the classification of culture media.

Cell division is by an asexual process called

O2 is not required in fermentation. (True/False)

contain specific nutrients required for the growth of bacterial pathogens that may be present alone or with other bacterial species in a patient specimen.

contain one or more agents that are inhibitory to all organisms except those being sought

contain nutrients that support growth of most non-fastidious organisms without giving any organism a growth advantage.

The absence of O2, glucose undergoes glycolysis to pyruvic acid, and then fermentation takes place.

is one in which the exact chemical constitution of the medium is not known. Also known as basal medium

microorganisms that grows at temperature of 50-60°C

contain agar and are used widely for the isolation of pure cultures, for estimating viable bacterial populations, and a variety of other purposes.

Most microorganisms prefer a neutral or slightly alkaline growth medium (pH 7.0–7.4). (True/False)

a process used to kill microorganisms responsible for spoilage

The time it takes to divide (double) is called

Cells are most susceptible to inhibitors.

Can tolerate or endure very cold temperature of less than –4°C

Glucos with oxygen

Dying and dividing organisms are at an equilibrium.

microorganisms that grow best at moderate temperature of 20-40°C

are used for growth of pure batch cultures.

The final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule other than O2

The Increase in the population of cells is called

Needed as coenzymes and functional groups of certain enzymes

Deaths are due to the factors in stationary phase in addition to lytic enzymes that are released when bacteria lyse.

What are the other growth factors are organized into three categories:

They are synthesizing DNA, ribosomes and enzymes to breakdown nutrients, and to be used for growth.

What are the Sources of basic elements in the availability of nutrients.

is one in which the exact chemical composition is known.

He also found that yeast ferments sugar to alcohol and that bacteria can oxidize alcohol to acetic acid.