the total quantity of a drug that is to be given to a patient. There's also something known as the relative dose, a dose relative to the patient's body weight.

the frequency at which a dose is administered.

amounts of drug that may be prescribed within the work of usual medical practice.

the amount that may be expected to produce, in adults, the medicinal effect for which it is intended

Also known as usual dose.

also the priming or loading dose

The amount required to attain the desired concentration of the drug in the blood or tissues.

Dose that is administered to children Dose applicable to patient’s 65 years and above

The amount which is administered to a patient after the exposure or contraction of an illness

The amount administered to a patient before exposure or contraction of the illness

Dose required to maintain clinical effectiveness/therapeutic concentration according to dosage regimen

Pharmaceutical dispensing and compounding calculations use simple arithmetic. (True/False)

The errors that may arise often are due to •carelessness, •as in improper placing of decimal points, •incorrect conversion from one system of measurement to another, • uncertainty over the system of measurement to be used (True/False)

very dangerous because of undesirable effect and toxicity.

decrease effectivity of the drug to the patient.

In calculation of dose there is a specific patient parameters. l. Patients age and weight. ll.BSA lll. Nutritional and function status lV. pharmacokinetic.

In neonates and other pediatric patients, The dose individualization (calculaton) is required? ( True/False)

elderly patients with diminished biologic functions, required a dose individualization or dose calculation. (True/False)

individuals of all age groups with compromised liver and/or kidney function (and thus reduced ability to metabolize and eliminate drug substances) required a dose individualization or dose calculation. (True/False)

critically ill patients and patients being treated with highly toxic chemotherapeutic agents. is NOT required a dose individualization or dose calculation. (True/False)

Certain drugs with a narrow therapeutic window often require individualized dosing based on blood level determinations and therapeutic monitoring. required a dose individualization or dose calculation. (True/False)

the branch of medicine that deals with disease in children from birth through adolescence.

if born at less than 37 weeks’ gestation.

from birth to one month.

1 month to 1 year.

28 days-23 months

2 years through 5 years

6 years through 11 years

12 years through 18 years.

Aside from dosage calculation, there is a need to select pediatric dosage forms that permit more accurate dosing and patient compliance. (True/False)

Factors affecting dosing pediatrics. l.patients age and weight. ll. overall health status. lll.Stage development of the body. lV. Patient deminish biological function.

Stage of development of body systems for drug metabolism (liver enzymes) and Drug elimination (renal system) - In neonate, these biologic functions and systems are underdeveloped. (True/False)

What are the devices that may also used in compliance to medication in pediatrics. l.Calibrated medicine dropper. ll. Premeasured teaspoon (5ml) lll. Nebulizer for inhalation products.

1 measuring cup =

1 oz =

1 medium-size glass (tumbler size) =

1 tablespoon (T) =

1 teaspoon =

the field that encompasses the management of illness in the elderly.

65-75 years old.

75-85

>85

In pediatrics patient is yherapy is often initiated with a lower-than-usual adult dose (True/ False)

In geriatric patient Dose adjustment may be required based on the therapeutic response. (True/False)

The patient’s physical condition may determine the drug dose and the route of administration employed.

Concomitant drug therapy may affect drug/dose effectiveness. (True/False)

A drug’s dose may produce undesired adverse effects and may affect patient compliance. (True/False)

Complex dosage regimens of multiple drug therapy may affect patient compliance. (True/False)

The age of the patient is a consideration in the determination of drug dosage. (True/False)

As stated previously, neonates have immature hepatic and renal functions that affect drug response. The elderly, in addition to diminished organ function, frequently have issues of concomitant pathologies and increased sensitivities to drugs. (True/False)

Today these rules are not in general use because age alone is NO LONGER considered a singularly valid criterion in the determination of accurate dosage for a child, especially when calculated from the usual adult dose, which itself provides wide clinical variations in response. (TRUE/FALSE)

Currently, when age is considered in determining dosage of a potent therapeutic agent, it is used generally in conjunction with another factor, such as ?.

In situations where the pediatric patient's weight is unknown, for instance, at the point of injury, then Calculation of dose based on age can be safely implemented if their age and the recommended adult dosing are known. (True/False)

Age-based dosing has demonstrated to be a safe and effective approach. However, caution should be used depending on the class of the drug. (True/False.)

What is the dose for an 8-month-old infant if the average adult dose of a drug is 250 mg?

If the adult dose of a drug is 100 mg, calculate the approximate dose for a child with a BSA of 0.83 m2

1kg =

1g =

1 mg. =

1 m =

1 in =

1 ft

The dose of mitomycin injection is 20mg/m2 per day. Determine the daily dose for a patient who weighs 144 lb. and measures 68 in. in height.

The usual initial dose of chlorambucil is 150 mcg/kg of body weight. How many milligrams should be administered to a person weighing 154 lb.?

You receive a prescription ordering Amoxicillin 100mg PO qid. The available amoxicillin in your drugstore is a suspension with a label given below. How many milliliters should the patient receive per day? Dose of the available drug is 228.5mg/5ml.

How many capsules, each containing 250 mg of clarithromycin, are needed to provide 50mg/kg/day for 7 days for a person weighing 176 lb.?