Histamin and kinins

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 28問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Not released or stored in glands. not circulated in blood. are formed at the site of action.

Autocoids.

Autocoids also know as

local hormone.

Also known as biogenic amines. From amino acids histidine & tryptophan

Biological active amines.

Histamine and serotonin

Biologically active amine.

Derived from metabolism of 20-carbon, unsaturated fatty acids (eicosanoic acids

Lipid derived.

Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes.

Lipid derived.

Peptides that can constrict or dilate blood vessels

Vasoactive polypeptide.

Kinins is an example of

Vasoactive peptides.

Histamine is a small molecule produced by decarboxylation of the amino acid called?

Histidine.

It is catalyzed by the enzyme L-histidine decarboxylase in a reaction that requires pyridoxal phosphate

Histamine.

the highest amounts in mast cells and basophils.

histamine.

degranulation reaction and Immunologic release

Energy - and Ca2 + - dependent.

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) fixation to mast cells (sensitization) and subsequent exposure to a specific antigen induce the release of histamine from mast cells; complement activation.

Energy - and Ca2+ - dependent.

independent release (displacement)

Energy and Ca2+ independent.

Mast cell damage, which is caused by noxious agents such as venom or by mechanical trauma, can release histamine.

Energy - and Ca2+ - independent release.

Gastric mucosa, cardiac muscle, mast cells, brain

H2 receptor.

Basal acid gastric secretion Histamine- Most potent stimulus of acid secretion and acts at common mediator

H2 Receptor.

Presynaptic nerve terminals: Brain, myenteric plexus

H3 receptor.

Further inhibition of release of Histamine

H3 receptor.

Eosinophils, neutrophils, CD4 T-cells

H4 receptor l.

leukocyte chemotaxis to sites of inflammation

H4 receptors.

located at bronchi, gastrointestinal tract, and vascular smooth muscles.

H1 receptors.

Located at vasculature, and parietal cells

H2 receptor.

increase acid production

H2 receptor.

increases wakefulness vasodilation and an increase in permeability

H1 receptors.

is an H3- specific agonist

R-alpha methylhistamine

These agents are used in allergy testing to assess histamine sensitivity

Histamine.

tenfold greater activity at H2- receptors than at H1-receptors

Betazole (Histalog)

Before it is used in the test of gastric secretory function (they have been largely supplanted for this use by Pentagastrin (Peptavlon), a synthetic peptide analog of gastrin with fewer adverse effects.

Betazole (Histalog)

Pulmonary function test

Impromidine.

investigational agent; its ratio of H2:H1 activity is about 10,000

Impromidine.

Used for the management of vertigo

Betahistine.

DOC for anaphylactic shock

Epinephrine.

for allergy

H1 agonist.

for PUD

H2 antagonist.

Histamine antagonist reduce the degranulation of mast cell= dec. histamine release (T/F)

True.

The effect of h1 histamine also know as antihistamine is within 30 minutes. (T/F)

True.

1ST generation compounds: 3-6 hours 2ND generation compounds: 3-24 hours (T/F)

True.

Metabolized in the liver; many induce microsomal enzymes. (Enzyme inducer ex: Cetirizine) t/f

True.

Lipid soluble can cross BBB (T/F)

True

H2 is ffective local anesthetics and effective local anesthetics (T/F)

False.

frequently cause CNS depression

H1 antihistamine.

Produce moderate sedation and can cause gastrointestinal upset.

Ethylenediamines.

Ethanolamines also act as antiemetics (True/False)

True.

Produce marked sedation; doxylamine is marketed only as a sleeping aid

Ethanolamines.

These agents are antiemetic & Motion Sickness

Piperazine.

Produce marked adverse gastrointestinal effects and moderate sedation.

Piperazine.

Componend of cold medication. These agents produce slight sedation

Alkylamines

Produce marked sedation. These agents have antiemetic activity

Phenothiazine.

It have antihistamine, anticholinergic, and antiserotonin activities

Methylpiperidines.

Both of drugs have poor CNS penetration (less sedating) Not associated w/ cardiac abnormalities Desloratadine- active metabolite of loratadine

Miscellaneous.

Ventricular tachycardia

Piperidines.

Allergic rhinitis & conjunctivitis

H1 antagonist.

Anti tussive

H1 antagonist.

Urticaria

H1 antagonist.

Atrophic dermatitis.

H1 antagonist.

A potent vasodilator peptides formed enzymatically by the action of enzymes known as

Kinongenases.

Acting on protein substrates called .

kininogens.

Precursor of kinins that are present in plasma, lymph, and interstitial fluid

Kininogens.

cross capillary walls

LMW kininogens.

confined in the bloodstream

HMW kininogens.

Enzyme that catalyze kininogens are present in plasma and in several organs and tissues, including the kidneys, pancreas, intestine, sweat glands, and salivary glands.

Kininogenase.

Enzyme that metabolized kinins. It is identical to peptidyl dipeptidase

Kininase.

synthesized in the liver

Kininase 1.

plasma and vascular endothelial cells

Kininase 2.

B2 receptor antagonist It is effective in the treatment of hereditary angioedema of the airways, gastrointestinal tract, extremities, and genitalia.

Icatibant.

• a newly developed recombinant plasma kallikrein • B2 receptor antagonist • Use in the treatment of hereditary angioedema

Ecallantide.

• inhibits kallikreins and, thus, the formation of kinins.

Aprotinin.

Itis approved for use during cardiac bypass surgery based on its anticoagulation properties that reduce the amount of blood needed for transfusion during extracorporeal procedures.

Aprotinin.

Arteriolar smooth muscle

Vasodilation.

Cell structure.

Cell structure.

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