Introduction of biochemistry

76問 • 1年前

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collective science that deals with chemical interaction that occurs inside a cellular structure

Biochemistry.

Cells (basic structural units of living organisms) are highly organized and constant source of energy is required to maintain the ordered state.

Principle of biochemistry

Living processes contains thousands of chemical rxns. Precise regulation and integration of these rxns are required to maintain life

Principle of biochemistry.

Certain important rxns that occur at cellular or biological/biochemical level E.g. Glycolysis is found in almost all organisms.

True.

All organisms use the same type of molecules: CHO (Carbohydrates), proteins, lipids & nucleic acids.

True.

Instructions for growth, reproduction and developments for each organism is encoded in their DNA

Principle of biochemistry.

the basic fundamental unit of life

Cells.

A Human is made of billions and trillions of cells which will sustained life and they are highly organized

True.

Basic building blocks of life

Cells.

Smallest living unit of an organism

Cells

Grow, reproduce, use energy, adapt, respond to their environment and Many cannot be seen with the naked eye

Cells

A cell may be an entire organism or it may be one of billions of cells that make up the organism (such as bacterias, fungi, protozoa, but not virus)

True.

include bacteria & lack a nucleus or membranebound structures called organelles (bacteria)

Prokaryotes.

include most other cells & have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (plants, fungi, & animals)

Eukaryotes.

Nucleoid region contains the DNA

Prokaryotes.

-Cell membrane & cell wall -Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm

Prokaryotic

- Nucleus - Cell Membrane - Cytoplasm with organelles

Eukaryotic.

Genetic material is not enclose within the membrane (nuclear membrane)

Prokaryotic.

Presence of nuclear membrane and nucleolus (ribosomes assembly happens here!)

Eukaryotic

Lack other membrane bound organelles

Prokaryotic

TRUE Nucleus - genetic material

Eukaryotic

DNA not associated with histone protein

Prokaryotic

DNA is linear (spiral helicase) complexed with histone protein

Eukaryotic

Binary fission (reproduced)

Prokaryotic

Mitosis.

Eukaryotic

Cell walls almost contains complex of polysaccharide peptidoglycan

Prokaryotic

Cell wall is present plants, algae, fungi; absent in animals and most protozoa

Eukaryotic

May/ may have Flagella and Cilia

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic.

are responsible for the production or utilization of proteins

Ribosomes

What are the 2 main types of eukaryotic

Animal cell and Plant cell.

A lipid/protein/carbohydrate complex, providing a barrier and containing transport and signaling systems

Plasma membrane.

Plasma membrane is present im both animal and plant cell.

True

Plasma membrane is made up o?

Phospolipid, Glycoprotein, Cholesterol and Arachinonic acid

1 hydrophilic head and two lipophilic body

Plasma membrane

Double membrane surrounding the chromosomes and the nucleolus. Pores allow specific communication with the cytoplasm. The nucleolus is a site for synthesis of RNA making up the ribosome

Nucleus

Nucleus contains?

Chromosomes and Nucleus

stored in nucleus It holds the overall genetic material. And ito yung nagdidivide tuwing mitosis

Chromosomes

site of ribosomes assembly Nuclear Membrane and Nuclear Pore (dito lalabas yung most ribosomes)

Nucleolus

Surrounded by a double membrane with a series of folds called cristae. Functions in energy production through metabolism. Contains its own DNA, and is believed to have originated as a captured bacterium.

Mitochondrion

Powerhouse of the cell - responsible for the production of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Mitochondrion

molecules that traps energy from foods from foods most particularly carbohydrates

Adenosine triphosphate

All the cells have mitochondria except RBC (Erythrocytes)

True.

Surrounded by a double membrane, containing stacked thylakoid membranes. Responsible for photosynthesis, the trapping of light energy for the synthesis of sugars. Contains DNA, and like mitochondria is believed to have originated as a captured bacterium.

Chloroplast

Dito po nangyayari yung photosynthesis

Thylakoid

process of food creation for plants

Photosynthesis

A network of interconnected membranes forming channels within the cell. Covered with ribosomes (causing the "rough" appearance) which are in the process of synthesizing proteins for secretion or localization in membranes

Rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Dito nangyayari yung protein synthesis Kung titignan sya under microscope, rough appearance nya because of the presence ribosomes which is responsible for the encoding of the proteins

Rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Protein and RNA complex responsible for protein synthesis

Ribosomes

Antibiotics that act as subunit in 50s

Clarithromycin., Erythromycin., Lincosamide.

Antibiotics that act as Subunits in 30s

Aminoglycoside., Tetracycline

network of interconnected membranes forming channels within the cell. A site for synthesis and metabolism of lipids. Also contains enzymes for detoxifying chemicals including drugs and pesticides.

Soft endoplasmic reticulum.

A series of stacked membranes. Vesicles (small membrane surrounded bags) carry materials from the RER to the Golgi apparatus. Vesicles move between the stacks while the proteins are "processed" to a mature form. Vesicles then carry newly formed membrane and secreted proteins to their final destinations including secretion or membrane localization

Golgi apparatus

Flattened Sack It is responsible for the storage and transport of your substances inside or outside the cell

Golgi apparatus.

Who discover golgi apparatus.

Camillo golgi.

A membrane bound organelle that is responsible for degrading proteins and membranes in the cell, and also helps degrade materials ingested by the cell

Lysososmes

Lysosomes can cause cell death Also known as the “suicide bag”

True

programmed cell death

Apoptosis

RBC yung responsible on the color of the skin dahil sa pagrelease nya ng globulin. At kung bakit brown ang poop because of RBC na nadegrade na nareach yung life span nya

True.

After 40 cell divisions mag undergone na sya ng apoptosis Pero kung ang cells natin ay nagfailed to undergo Apoptosis pwede tayo magkasakit kasi di napapalitan yung mga not functional na cells kasi matanda na, and that condition is called as Cancer

True.

Membrane surrounded "bags" that contain water and storage materials in plants

Vacuoles

Produce and degrade hydrogen peroxide, a toxic compound that can be produced during metabolism. Hydrogen peroxide is toxic sa cells

Peroxisomes

enclosed by the plasma membrane, liquid portion called cytosol and it houses the membranous organelles

Cytoplasm

Arrays of protein filaments in the cytosol. Gives the cell its shape and provides basis for movement.

Cytoskeleton

Just like cells are building blocks of tissues likewise molecules are building blocks of cells

Biomolecules

Biomolecules ◆ Animal and plant cells contain approximately 10, 000 kinds of molecules (bio-molecules) ◆ Water constitutes 50-95% of cells content by weight.

True

The chemical properties of organic bio-molecules are determined by their functional groups. Most bio-molecules have more than one.

Biomolecules

Kapag ang amino acids ay nagkabit kabit. Remember yung bond na nagcconect sakanila ay Peptide bond

True

➢ Basic structural units of proteins ➢ (+) Amino Group is the Base ➢ (-) Carboxyl Group is the Acid ➢ Hence, the amino acid is considered as Amphoteric in nature (meaning it exist in both base and acid)

True

Building blocks of proteins.

Amino acids

Contains amino group and carboxyl group function groups (behavioral properties) R Group (side chains) determines the chemical properties of each amino acids.

Amino acids.

Also determines how the protein folds and its biological function. ○ Individual amino acids in protein connected by peptide bond.

Amino acids

Functions as transport proteins, structural proteins, enzymes, antibodies, cell receptors.

Amino acids

Carbohydrates most abundant organic molecule found in nature

Monosaccharides

Initially synthesized in plants from a complex series of reactions involving photosynthesis. Basic unit is monosaccharides

Monosaccharides

Monosaccharides can form larger molecules e.g. glycogen, plant starch or cellulose.

Monosaccharides

bond between monosaccharides

Glycosidic bond

Cell structure.

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 28問 · 2年前

Cell structure.