“blood-brain barrier” – thick lipid membrane that prevents absorption of drugs.

inflammation increases permeability; dangerous

CNS and muscles; surrounded by lineal cells.

Onset and intensity of drug action is influenced by initial distribution and total dose of drug (True/False)

Drugs exceed the number of binding sites

If high, liquid leaves capillaries; if osmotic pressure is higher, liquid enters; if in equilibrium, stays inside capillaries

weaker bonds like hydrogen or van der waals.

transfer of drug from blood to extravascular fluids and tissues by systemic circulation.

low capacity but high affinity for endogenous substances transport.

Drugs can easily pass through these capillaries.

Lower pressure of the venous blood compared to tissue fluid.

Binds basic (cationic) drugs and is highly lipophilic

transport of plasma lipids and binding of drugs if the albumin becomes saturated.

formation of drug-protein complexes.

Duration of drug action depends on rate of drug elimination (True/False)

Alter permeability of skin and allow drugs to permeate inward or outward

Chemical activation; covalent bonding; accounts for drug toxicity

Drug is less than the binding capacity of albumin; includes majority of useful clinical agents

What is the plasma concentration present in erythrocytes.

70 kg, 5 L of blood, 3 L of plasma.

Elimination half life = 17-18 days; major component responsible for reversible drug binding

Liver is very permeable and allows passage of high MW molecules. (True/False)

Accumulates on tissue

High pressure at the arterial end of the capillary

important factor in determining initial distribution of drugs.

Pressure gradient from arterial end entering the tissue and venous capillaries leaving the tissue

Cardiac Output = 0.08 L/min. x 89 beats/min

Accumulates on lipid tissue

Responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure

What are the Physiologic condition where permeability is altered

Total drug concentration at receptor and no. of receptor sites

Widely distributed group of globular plasma protein (58%) from liver.

glomerular and gut mucosa.

when class II is administered simultaneously

what is the leve of plasma in amino acid glycoprotein.

Liver and Bone Marrow.

Rate of free drug that reaches receptor site (MEC)

Rate-limiting step in distribution

lipid and protein complexes classifying according to density and separation in centrifuge.

Generally rapid through fine capillaries; most drugs permeate easily but depends on the physicochemical nature of the drug and the cell membrane (favors lipid-soluble drugs)

Binds both endogenous and exogenous compounds

Depends on blood and tissue affinity (can be reversed.

Tissue with highest blood flow will rapidly equilibrate with the drug (True/False)