Pharmacokinetics. (1.0)

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 28問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

What are the 2 branches of pharmacotherapeutics.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.

What are the parts of pharmacokinetics.

Absorption, Distribution and Elimination.

What are the branch of pharmacodynamics

Systemic effect and Cellular effect

In what century did materia medica develop?

1st century.

It is science of drug preparation and medical use of drugs began to develop as the precursor of pharmacology

De materia medica.

He is the author of de materia medica.

Pedanius dioscorides.

used to prepare all sort of strange concoctions, including those of herbs, in order to treat their patients.

Apothecaries

What century did Some apothecaries decided they had no interest in treating patients. and they were more interested in preparing medical compounds instead

18th century

Who is the father of pharmacology.

Oswald Schmiedeberg

He came along that pharmacology became a true and distinct scientific branch of its own in a big way.

Oswald Schmiedeberg

He studied the pharmacology of various compounds, including chloroform, and published an important text called the Outline of Pharmacology

Oswald Schmiedeberg

Advances in chemistry and the further development of physiology laid the foundation needed for understanding how drugs work at the organ and tissue levels.

Advancement in Pharmacology

The relation of the individual’s genetic makeup to his or her response to specific drugs—is close to becoming a practical area of therapy

Pharmacogenomics

In what century did pharmacogenomic discover.

20th century

This field of study suggest that our genetic make up can affect our response to a certain drug(T/F)

True.

common use include • inorganic ions • nonpeptide organic molecules • small peptides and proteins • nucleic acids • lipids and • carbohydrates.

Drugs.

Drugs used for?

Diagnosis, Mitigation, Prevention and Cure of diseases.

It is a chemical compound of synthetic, semisynthetic, natural or biological origin which interacts with human or animal cells

Drugs.

Almost all the several thousand drugs currently available can be arranged into about 70 groups

True.

Many of the drugs within each group are very different in pharmacodynamic actions and in their pharmacokinetic properties as well.

False.

For most groups, one or more prototype drugs can be identified that typify the most important characteristics of the group.

True.

Sizes from MW 7 (Lithium) to over MW 50,000 (thrombolytic enzymes, other proteins)

Size and molecular weight

Majority of drugs have MW between 100 and 1000.

True.

which usually result in irreversible action.

Covalent bond

Somewhat weaker (between a cation and an anion)

Electrostatic bonds.

Much weaker interactions (hydrogen bond, van der Waals interactions, and hydrophobic bonds)

True.

The shape of a drug molecule must be such as to permit binding to its receptor site via the bonds

Drug shape.

The drug’s shape is complementary to that of the receptor site in the same way that a key is complementary to a lock.

Drug shape.

Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different in structure or spatial arrangement.

Chirality.

Alter or modulate the normal physiologic functions Interaction of drug molecules and cellular components (receptor) alter the functions of the latter.

Functional modifier

Supplement endogenous substances that are lacking or deficient in the body

Replenishers

used to determine the presence or absence of a condition/disease

Diagnostic agent.

Used to kill or inhibit growth of cells considered as foreign to the body

Chemotherapeutics.

Who discover and follows the principle of “selective toxicity” (The property of certain chemicals to kill one type of organism while not harming another.)

Paul ehrlich

The study of how drugs move into, through and out of the body including delivery to their target sites; deals with ADME

Pharmacokinetics

the drug’s uptake from the site of administration to the systemic circulation

Absorption

the drug’s movement to various sites after entering systemic circulation

Distribution

the drug’s conversion to metabolite

Metabolism

the drug’s removal from the body

Excretion

The release of active ingredient from its dosage form

Liberation

rate-limiting step in absorption of solid dosage forms and consequently onset, intensity, and duration of action of the drug.

Liberation

What are the expections in liberation.

Oral, Parenteral and Transdermal.

dissolve much readily when compared to the drugs in its free form

Salt form.

Factors that influence the dissolution rate:

Crystal form or amorphous drug forms.

Choramphenicol palmitate is inactive in crystalline form but when it is administered in amorphous form, absorption in the GIT is rapid and with good therapeutic response.

True.

100% amorphous

Semilente

30% amorphous and 70% crystalline

Lente

(100% crystalline)

Ultralente

The proportion of a drug that is delivered to its site of action in the body.

Bioavailability

High dose = high drug absorption

True.

High blood supply = greater extent/ faster absorption

True.

The large surface area of the gastro-intestinal tract is due to the presence of macrovilli and microvilli in small intestines (Duodenum)

True.

Skin (Caucasian Adult)

1.73 sq. m

Lungs

70 sq. m

Gastro-intestinal tract

120-200 sq. m

Essential organ for weakly basic drugs

Intestine

Essential for absorption of weakly acidic drugs

Stomach

Highly acidic (pH 1.5-2) (pH 2-6; Fasting ph.

Stomach

Covered with thick mucus layer

Stomach

Has villi, large surface area

Intestine

Short surface area

Stomach

Not good as an absorption site

Stomach

Good for absorption

Intestine

has the greatest capacity for the absorption of drugs from the GI tract

Duodenum

some drugs are partially metabolized in the liver or portal vein before passing into circulatory system

First pass effect

some drugs travel intact through the biliary tract after initial absorption and are then reabsorbed into bloodstream through the intestine.

Enterohepatic recycling

A drug’s route of administration affects its rate and extent of absorption. (T/F)

True.

moving material in and out of the cell

Transport mechanism

movement of molecules based on the differences in the concentration across 2 region

Diffusion

molecules are transported by the movement of a liquid or a gaseous vehicle

Convection

Process of drug movement across the cell

Transcellular

Process of drug movement that goes through gaps or tight junction between cell

Paracellular

higher concentration to lower concentration movement of small lipophilic molecule along a conc. Gradient

Passive transport

This law states that the rate of diffusion of a solute molecule through a barrier is proportional to the concentration gradient.

Ficks first law

This law states that the change in concentration with respect to time at a particular region is proportional to the change in the concentration gradient at that point in the system.

Ficks second law

A passive process requiring no cellular energy

Facilitated transport

Drug moves along a concentration gradient and Saturable and structurally selective

Facilitated transport

From lower concentration to higher concentration “pushing a rock uphill” which requires cellular energy

Active transport

small drug molecules simply move along with fluid through the pores in cell walls

Pore transport

MEDIATED through “water-filled pores/channels/aquaporins

Pore transport

Cell eating.

Phagocytosis

Cell drinking.

Pinocytosis

it is a process by which cells absorb molecules (such as proteins) by engulfing them

Endocytosis

Complex of organic anion with cation

Ion pair transport

Linkage of ionized drug with oppositely charge ion (neutral complex)

Ion pair transport

What are the parts of pharmacokinetics.

Absorption, Distribution and Elimination

Cell structure.

Cell structure.

28問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 29問 · 2年前

Electrolytes and non electrolytes

Electrolytes and non electrolytes

29問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 45問 · 2年前

45問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 38問 · 2年前

POST LAB (EXP 4)

POST LAB (EXP 4)

38問 • 2年前

Density and specific gravity

Density and specific gravity

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 18問 · 2年前

FORCES OF ATTRACTION

FORCES OF ATTRACTION

18問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 63問 · 2年前

Microbial growth

Microbial growth

63問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 61問 · 2年前

Introduction.

Introduction.

61問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 97問 · 2年前

Microbial control.

Microbial control.

97問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 100問 · 2年前

States of matter

States of matter

100問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 86問 · 2年前

Introduction.

Introduction.

86問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 77問 · 2年前

Drug development.

Drug development.

77問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 9問 · 2年前

CGMP

CGMP

9問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 24問 · 2年前

Pharmaceutical ingredients.

Pharmaceutical ingredients.

24問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 43問 · 2年前

Powdered & granules

Powdered & granules

43問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 24問 · 2年前

Capsule.

Capsule.

24問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 23問 · 2年前

Tablets.

Tablets.

23問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 66問 · 2年前

Calculatiom of dose

Calculatiom of dose

66問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 29問 · 2年前

Postlab 5&6

Postlab 5&6

29問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 33問 · 2年前

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES.

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES.

33問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 69問 · 2年前

SEMI SOLID

SEMI SOLID

69問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 60問 · 2年前

Basic immunology

Basic immunology

60問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 62問 · 2年前

Basic immunology (2)

Basic immunology (2)

62問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 44問 · 2年前

Transdermal

Transdermal

44問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 43問 · 2年前

Distribution.

Distribution.

43問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 65問 · 2年前

Infectious disease.

Infectious disease.

65問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 79問 · 2年前

Infectious diseases (2)

Infectious diseases (2)

79問 • 2年前

Gram positive ( Bacteriology)

Gram positive ( Bacteriology)

All topic. ( Compressed.)

All topic. ( Compressed.)

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 30問 · 2年前

All topic ( Compressed)

All topic ( Compressed)

30問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 13問 · 2年前

All topics (compressed)

All topics (compressed)

13問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 28問 · 2年前

Exercise 6 ; Isotonic solution.

Exercise 6 ; Isotonic solution.

28問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 16問 · 2年前

Exercise 5 : Buffers.

Exercise 5 : Buffers.

16問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 26問 · 2年前

Exercise 7 : Factors affecting solubility.

Exercise 7 : Factors affecting solubility.

26問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 23問 · 2年前

Experiment 8: Disintegration.

Experiment 8: Disintegration.

23問 • 2年前

Experiment 9 ; Interfacial phenomenon and surface tension.

Experiment 9 ; Interfacial phenomenon and surface tension.

EXP 9 : Aromatic ammonia spirit.

EXP 9 : Aromatic ammonia spirit.

EXP 10-11 : CAMPHOR WATER AND CINNAMON WATER.

EXP 10-11 : CAMPHOR WATER AND CINNAMON WATER.

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 20問 · 2年前

EXP 12: ACACIA MUCILAGE

EXP 12: ACACIA MUCILAGE

20問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 33問 · 2年前

EXP13&14 : Starch and Barrium sulfate.

EXP13&14 : Starch and Barrium sulfate.

33問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 37問 · 2年前

EXP 15 : Liquid petroleum emulsion 1.0

EXP 15 : Liquid petroleum emulsion 1.0

37問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 23問 · 2年前

EXP 15: Liquid petroleum emulsion 1.1

EXP 15: Liquid petroleum emulsion 1.1

23問 • 2年前

Enterobacteriaceae

Enterobacteriaceae

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 28問 · 2年前

Enterobacteriaceae.

Enterobacteriaceae.

28問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 31問 · 2年前

LIQUID DOSAGE FORM 1.0

LIQUID DOSAGE FORM 1.0

31問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 12問 · 2年前

Liquid dosage form

Liquid dosage form

12問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 44問 · 2年前

MICROMERITICS 1.0

MICROMERITICS 1.0

44問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 22問 · 2年前

EXP 7 : ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS MICROORGANISMS

EXP 7 : ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS MICROORGANISMS

22問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 40問 · 2年前

EXP 8 : KIRBY-BAUER TECHNIQUE

EXP 8 : KIRBY-BAUER TECHNIQUE

40問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 29問 · 2年前

EXP 9: STAPHYLOCOCCI

EXP 9: STAPHYLOCOCCI

29問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 41問 · 2年前

Drug incompatibilities.

Drug incompatibilities.

41問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 41問 · 2年前

Drug compatibilities.

Drug compatibilities.

41問 • 2年前

BACTERIOLOGY 3

BACTERIOLOGY 3

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 30問 · 2年前

BACTERIOLOGY 3

BACTERIOLOGY 3

30問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 45問 · 2年前

SUSPENSION.

SUSPENSION.

45問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 40問 · 2年前

Colloidal.

Colloidal.

40問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 38問 · 2年前

BACTERIOLOGY 4 (Rickettsia)

BACTERIOLOGY 4 (Rickettsia)

38問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 44問 · 2年前

BACTERIOLOGY.

BACTERIOLOGY.

44問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 32問 · 2年前

Emulsion.

Emulsion.

32問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 42問 · 2年前

EMULSION

EMULSION

42問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 36問 · 2年前

MEDICAL RELATED PROBLEMS.

MEDICAL RELATED PROBLEMS.

36問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 33問 · 2年前

MEDICATION RELATED PROBLEMS.

MEDICATION RELATED PROBLEMS.

33問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 30問 · 2年前

Mycology.

Mycology.

30問 • 2年前

Mycology 2.0

Mycology 2.0

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 15問 · 2年前

15問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 25問 · 2年前

ppr

ppr

25問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 20問 · 2年前

MEDICAL DEVICES.

MEDICAL DEVICES.

20問 • 2年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 100問 · 1年前

Pharmacokinetics (1.1)

Pharmacokinetics (1.1)

100問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 19問 · 1年前

Pharmacokinetics (1.2)

Pharmacokinetics (1.2)

19問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 17問 · 1年前

Introduction.

Introduction.

17問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 76問 · 1年前

Introduction of biochemistry

Introduction of biochemistry

76問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 56問 · 1年前

Intro medicanal chemistry.

Intro medicanal chemistry.

56問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 75問 · 1年前

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

75問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 31問 · 1年前

Carbohydrates 1.1

Carbohydrates 1.1

31問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 56問 · 1年前

Detect and quality variation.

Detect and quality variation.

56問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 98問 · 1年前

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

98問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 15問 · 1年前

lab (1-2)

lab (1-2)

15問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 14問 · 1年前

lab 1-2

lab 1-2

14問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 45問 · 1年前

Pharmaceutical chemistry.

Pharmaceutical chemistry.

45問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 35問 · 1年前

Pharmaceutical chemistry 1.1

Pharmaceutical chemistry 1.1

35問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 39問 · 1年前

Unit 3.

Unit 3.

39問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 70問 · 1年前

Histamin and kinins

Histamin and kinins

70問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 45問 · 1年前

PUD.

PUD.

45問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 61問 · 1年前

61問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 67問 · 1年前

Lipids.

Lipids.

67問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 71問 · 1年前

lipids.

lipids.

71問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 93問 · 1年前

LAB ✨

LAB ✨

93問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 87問 · 1年前

Drug discovery.

Drug discovery.

87問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 13問 · 1年前

disease of lipids.

disease of lipids.

13問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 57問 · 1年前

Intro (identify structure)

Intro (identify structure)

57問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 98問 · 1年前

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

98問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 96問 · 1年前

Dynamic.

Dynamic.

96問 • 1年前

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 32問 · 1年前

Unit 1

Unit 1

32問 • 1年前