Infectious diseases (2)

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 28問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Characteristic of bacteria; the severity of a disease

Virulence.

Microbes can’t cause disease unless they enter the body through the right opening

Portal of entry.

Number of cells that enter through the portal of entry

Size of inoculum.

minimum number of cells required to cause infection.

Infectious dose.

Some organisms require 100’s of cells to cause infection while others require as few as 10.

Infectious dose.

One that makes the body more susceptible to a disease and may alter the course of the disease

Predisposing factors.

fimbriae, surface proteins, and capsules are used by microorganisms to adhere to and colonize body surfaces

Adhesion.

Mechanical means such as suckers, hooks, and barbs are used by parasites, such as tapeworms, to adhere and colonize body surfaces. (True/False)

True.

Once the organism has made it into the body and attached it still has to avoid or defend itself from the body's internal defenses, the immune system

Surviving host defense.

Some microorganisms make chemicals that are toxic to white blood cells called leukocidins. (True/False)

True.

Provides an external barrier para hindi sila agad maengulf ng macrophages.

Capsules.

the ability of our immune cells to phagocytize or engulf or to eat microorganisms.

Phagocytosis.

A combination of signs and symptoms that are characteristic of a disease.

Syndrome.

A characteristic of a disease that can be felt (by the individual with the disease) but cannot be measured by another individual

Symptoms.

A characteristic of a disease that can be measured by another individual

Sign.

Time interval between the initial infection and the first appearance of any signs or symptoms

Incubation period.

The time an infection has begun up to the occurrence of signs and symptoms

Incubation period.

don’t experience any symptoms during this period.

Incubation period.

Short period that follows the period of incubation in some diseases when symptoms (and signs) appear, but full-blown illness has not-yet begun

Prodromal period.

The phase during which the typical signs and symptoms of the disease are apparent.

Period of illness.

Most acute stage of the illness and Number of white cells increases or decreases

Period of illness.

The peak of disease symptoms and the person exhibits full signs and symptoms of the disease.

Peak of illness.

also known as Acme; like a climax of the infection.

Peak of illness.

The period during which the signs and symptoms subside as the infection is brought further under control.

Period of decline.

Patients are susceptible to secondary infections

Period of decline.

Person regains strength and the body returns to its pre-diseased state.

Period of convalscene.

Sequelae are persisting disease after infection ➔ The inability of the body to fully repair the damage due to an infection.

Period of convalescence.

The period during which the disease is spread is dependent upon the infecting organism

Period of convalescence.

are substances produced, for example, by microorganisms, that are poisonous to host organisms

Toxins.

Used to evade host defenses or to harm the host directly

Enzymes.

To prevent phagocytosis .

Capsules.

are used in adhesion to hosts

Pili.

may be classified as either exotoxins or endotoxins

Bacterial toxins.

Are produced predominantly (though not exclusively) by Gram-positive bacteria

Exotoxins.

Act by a variety of mechanisms and symptoms that result from exposure to an exotoxin depend on the structure of the exotoxin one is exposed to. (True/False)

True.

Made inside a living microbe and released into the surrounding environment.

Exotoxins.

Can be converted to toxoid.

Exotoxins.

Some exotoxins are exoenzymes (True/False)

True.

that catalyze the lysis of red blood cells.

Homolysins.

Mucinase, keratinase, collagenase, hyaluronidase

Exotoxins.

kills host cells by damaging the cell membrane

Cytotoxins.

act on nervous system tissue

Neurotoxins.

act on tissues of the gastrointestinal tract

Enterotoxins.

outside toxins; it is released or excreted by microorganism outside the cell; specific.

Exotoxins.

breakdown of mucin (component of mucus)

Mucinase.

breakdown of keratin

Keratinase.

breakdown of collagen

Collaginase.

breakdown of hyaluronic acid

Hyaluronidase.

can produce a botulinum toxin (it is a neurotoxin) can produce one of the most potent toxins against the human body: kahit small amount lang kaya nitong makakill ng adult human.

Clostridium botulinum.

inactivated exotoxins; antigenic; immunogenic; form antibodies for protection; form of protection against toxins; alter exotoxins; weakened toxins: active immunity, provides a long term protection.

Toxoid.

causative agent of tetanus (we give both antitoxin and toxoid if sa tetanus)

Clostridium tetani.

antibodies against toxins; an example of passive; it is used for a fasterresponse or faster treatment.

Antitoxin.

Are toxins associated with Gram-negative bacteria

Endotoxins.

The lipid A portion of the lipopolysaccharide

Endotoxins.

Weak except in large doses and produce similar effects independent on the producing organism

Endotoxins.

Large doses are especially a problem during Gram-negative septicemia (True/False)

True.

During the treatment of syphilis if gagamit ng antibiotic mapapatay yung mga bacteria pero pag namatay is magrerelease ng component which is endotoxin and nagkakaroon ng reaction yung katawan natin; it can cause septic shock kapag nagrelease ng endotoxin life threatening loss of blood pressure because of severe infection especially infection of the blood.

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.

A disease that involves pathogens

Infectious diseases.

An infectious disease that may be passed from host to host (particularly when all individuals involved are of the same species)

Communicable diseases.

Easily passed from individual to individual.

Contagious diseases.

infection develops rapidly but is soon over.

Acute.

infection develops slowly and is not soon over. (Can last for months or year)

Chronic.

is the growth of bacteria in the blood (a.k.a., blood poisoning)

Septicemia.

the presence, without multiplication of bacteria in the blood.

Bacteremia.

is the presence of fungus in the blood

Fungemia.

infection is acquired from the hospital.

Nosocomial.

infection is a syndrome that is caused by a combination of two or more infections.

Mixed.

is a secondary infection caused by the treatment of a primary infection.

Superinfection.

Infection is an infection that quickly follows a primary infection.

Secondary.

Infection is the infection of a notcurrently infected person; initial infection.

Primary.

Infection is spread throughout the body in the blood or lymph.

Systematic.

infection begins as a local infection but then spreads beyond the local area as a bacteremia, or toxemia.

Focal.

infection is confined to a certain area (e.g., a pimple).

Local.

infection that does not display signs or symptoms or, at least, all of the signs typically associated with a given syndrome.

Subclinical.

infection is sign-less or symptom-less for a long while before signs and symptoms appear.

Latent

infection is the gray zone between acute and chronic.

Subacute.

Is the presence of toxins in the blood

Toxemia.

is the presence of virus in the blood

Viremia.

Sequential activity to determine the cause of disease.

Koch's postulates.

Cell structure.

Cell structure.

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Enterobacteriaceae.

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lipids.

lipids.

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