depend on no. of particles.

sum of properties of the constituent in a solution (ex. MW)

Arrangement, number, and kind of atoms (ex. Refractive Index, Optical Rotation, Solubility)

in vapor pressure addition of solutes results to?

In Freezing point addition of solute results to?

In boiling point addition of solute results to?

pressure of saturated vapor above a liquid.

VP of an ideal solution is dependent on the sum of VP and the mole fraction of all components present in the solution. (TRUE/FALSE)

If nonvolatile solv. + volatile solv.; VP is provided by solvent (True/False)

Solute reduces escaping tendency of solvent. (True/False)

VP of a solution containing nonvolatile solute is lowered proportional to the relative number of the solute molecules

is used and the difference of the vapor pressure between the solution and the pure solvent.

For dilute aqueous solutions, however, the vapor pressure lowering is so slight as to produce a serious error in the measurement. (True/False)

used frequently for the precise determination of vapor pressures.

Is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the external atmospheric pressure

The boiling point of a solution of a nonvolatile solute is higher than that of the pure solvent, (solute lowers the vapor pressure of the solvent)

The vapor and the boiling solvent are pumped by the force of ebullition through a glass tube and sprayed over the thermometer bulb to obtain an invariant equilibrium temperature.

The boiling point can be measured accurately using an.

a liquid (a solvent) is depressed when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a lower freezing point than a pure solvent.

It consists of a jacketed tube with a sidearm through which the test material may be introduced.

thermometer is supported in the tube and extends into the test solution.

passes through a tube in the stopper and is operated manually or by means of a motor.

In carrying out a determination, the temperature is read on the Beckmann differential thermometer at the freezing point of the pure solvent, water. (True/False)

A known weight of the solute is introduced into the apparatus, containing a given weight of solvent, and the freezing point of the solution is read and recorded.

The freezing point of a solution is LOWER than that of the pure solvent. (True/False)

The pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.

All aqueous solutions of non-volatile solutes exert an osmotic pressure. (True/False)

is the diffusion of solvent through a semi-permeable membrane that allows only solvent to move through it.

The opposite of water potential, which is the degree to which a solvent tends to stay in a liquid.

There was an apparent analogy between solutions and gases and that the osmotic pressure in a dilute solution was equal to the pressure that the solute would exert if it were a gas occupying volume.

The presence of a solution that causes cells to shrink.

The presence of a solution that causes cells to swell.

The presence of a solution that produces no change in cell volume.