Complementary relationship between the drug molecule and its active site

maximum biological effect resulting from a drug binding to its target

Cocoaine.

Cephalosporin.

Special consideration is given on Orphan drugs (treatment IND) • orphan drug is used to treat orphan disease, or disease that affects fewer than 200,000 people in the US

Post-marketing studies and manufacturing scale-up activities take place

These studies also evaluate drug metabolism, structure-activity relationships, and the mechanism of action in humans.

the intensity of the pharmacologic activity of a structurally specific drug is directly proportional to the number of receptors occupied by the drug

The target cells become desensitized and the effect of subsequent exposure to the same concentration of the drug is reduced.

What is the opiate u receptors antagonist

Large libraries of compounds are tested for their ability to modify the target capable of examining 15,000 chemical compounds a week using 10 – 20 bioassays.

Protein.

Quinine

Permit to market drug product

an increasing number of new receptors and enzymes potential drug targets

drugs activity is tested on isolated tissues, cells, enzymes.

Somatostatin. (protein)

Modification of drug formulation as obtained from manufacturing scale-up and validation process may be done

A popular term for a generic drug with an identical formulation and stated indications as a drug previously approved by the FDA.

Glucagon (Protein)

vaccines (living or killed microorganisms)

1000-3000 with the target illness.

Conduct short-term toxicity studies ranging from 2 weeks to 3 months.

The study of the interaction of the drugs with cells.

100-300 Suffer from the target illness

Aminoglycosides.

Submitted to FDA à Review by FDA for 30 days

Penicillin.

• Failure during Phase II testing is common • After phase 2, sponsors meet with the FDA (True/False)

This phase of testing also helps determine the common short-term side effects and risks associated with the drug.

What is B1-adrenoceptors Agonist

Amphotericin B.

Tetracycline.

These studies also provide an adequate basis for extrapolating the results to the general population and transmitting that information in the physician labeling

Prewingkle

Cell or group of cells specialized to detect changes in the environment and trigger impulses in the sensory nervous system

Reserpine.

a molecule that binds to a receptor

Generic drug . A company needs to show the FDA that the drug is bioequivalent to the innovator drug

completely complementary relationship between the drug molecule and a specific area on the surface of the receptor molecule

Heparin (Polysaccharide)

What is the opiate u receptors agonist

Bile acids.

Filed before drug may be given to human (clinical trials)

In. vitro and in vivo testing, determination of LD 50.

Lovastatin.

Dating back to the cavemen following their instincts to survive or preserve their lives, drugs already exist in various forms.

Focusing on the financial return

Used as receptors.

An increased-concentration of the drug is required to produce an effect of the same magnitude as the initial exposure with a smaller drug concentration (T/F)

A compound showing a desired pharmacological property which can be used to initiate a medicinal chemistry project

What is the H1 and H2 receptors agonist

What is B2-adrenoceptors Agonist.

Safety and effectiveness

The general area of study concerned with the formulation, manufacturing, stability, and effectiveness of a pharmaceutical dosage form

Dynamic interactions between drug molecules and cellular components

The handling of a drug within the body. it includes the adme process.

Protein catalysts are produced by living cells by acting as a surface or focus for the reaction, bringing the substrate(s) together and holding them in the best position for the reaction.

These studies are intended to gather the additional information about effectiveness and safety that is needed to evaluate the overall benefit-risk relationship of the drug.

20-80 healthy volunteer.

submitted for review and approval after the completion of the clinical trials and requirements have been met

inducing a clinical condition and treated with the test drug

What is the H1 receptors antagonist

DNA and RNA acting as a drug target.

Even before the synthetic, target-based, and selective medicinal agents, remedies were abundantly provided by various plant sources more commonly referred to as herbal remedies

What is B2-adrenoceptors Antagonist

Result of downregulation

Used as molecular tag.

For safety

Science of the properties of the drugs and it's effect in the body.

Paclitaxel.

atoms and functional groups required for a specific pharmacological activity, and their relative positions in space

Estrogens.

Safety, effectiveness and dosage

What is the H2 receptors antagonist

What is B1-adrenoceptors Antagonist

Morphine

Ways of discovering a lead compound

Caused by continuous prolonged exposure of receptors to drugs that disrupt the homeostatic equilibrium and result in altered levels of the receptors.

In vivo and in vitro.

Receptors, enzymes, and nucleic acids

Filed before drug may be given to human (clinical trials)

These studies are designed to determine the metabolic and pharmacological actions of the drug in humans, the side effects associated with increasing doses, and, if possible, to gain early evidence of effectiveness

measure of how strongly a drug binds to a receptor

The DISCOVERY phase includes synthesis, isolation, fermentation, screening, and SAR studies

Protein in nature and embedded in the cell membrane

Chemical and physical characterization, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmaceutics, analytical studies, toxicology