Antivirals

Viruses.

Productive infection

• Burst size

•Herpes, •cold sores

•Polyoma, •warts

•Respiratory problems

•Smallpox

•Canine distemper

•Polio, • Hepatitis A, •rhinovirus

•Mumps, •Measles

•HIV

•Dna viruses

•RNA viruses

•Entry Inhibitors

•Rimantadine, •Amantadine

•Interferon, •ribavirin

•Inhibition of assembly of viruses

• Neuraminidase inhibitors

•Chemoprophylaxis influenza

•Chemoprophylaxis influenza

•Adamantanamines

•1-adamantanamine HCl (Symmetrel), •Used for parkingsonism

•Alpha-methyl derivative, •4 to 10 times more active than amantadine, •Effective only for Influenza A virus

•Inhibit the early step in viral replication and affect the later step involving viral assembly, •Blocking the H+ channel formed by viral M2 protein

•Effective before and after influenza exposure, •Effective for both influenza type A and type B

•Ethyl ester

•Inferferons

•targeting the early stages of viral infection, •has broad-spectrum antiviral activity, •Cannot be absorbed orally. Given IM or SC.

•Condyloma acuminatum (venereal warts), •chronic hepatitis C & chronic hepatitis B, •Kaposi sarcoma in HIV-infected patients,, •multiple sclerosis.

•Stoxil, Herplex, •Pyrimidine nucleoside, •Topical treatment of herpes and zoster virus

• Fluorinated pyrimidine nucleoside, •Used against HSV-1, HSV-2, vaccinia, and some adenoviruses, •Therapy for keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HSV-1 and HSV-2, •Topical application, alone or in combination with interferon-alpha, has been used successfully in the treatment of acyclovir-resistant HSV infections

•True

• Adenosine analog, • inhibits set of enzymes that are involved in methylation of uridine to thymidine, • Used against HSV, VZV, CMV, HBV, and some RNA viruses, • Topical application for acute keratoconjunctivitis, superficial keratitis, and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HSV-1 and HSV-2., • Intravenous for treatment of HSV encephalitis, neonatal herpes, and VZV infection in immunocompromised patients

•acyclic guanosine derivative, •Used against HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus, •Cross-resistance with valacyclovir and ganciclovir

•a prodrug, •three to five times greater than those achieved with oral acyclovir, •Treatment for Herpes zoster (shingles)

•an analog oacyclicf acyclovir, •Used against CMV, which is up to 100 times greater than acyclovir

•Phosphonic acid derivative, •chain terminator, •High therapeutic index against CMV and has been approved for treating CMV retinitis in patients with AIDS, •Has broad-spectrum activity against several DNA viruses

•An inorganic pyrophosphate compound, •Used against HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV, HHV-6, HHV-8, and HIV. Indicated for CMV retinitis and acyclovir-resistant HSV infection, •poor oral bioavailability., •Nephrotoxic is common

•Adenosine nucleoside analogue, •Use for Ebola, Margburg, and Coronavirus.

•Reverse transcriptase inhibitor

•Deoxythymidine analogue, •Also know as Azidothymidine (AZT), •Used for HIV-1, HIV-2, and other retroviruses

• Thymidine kinase

•Thymidylate kinase

• Gastrointestinal intolerance, • Headache, • Insomnia, • Myelosuppression

Cytosine analog, Phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase, Active metabolite: ddCTP, Used for HIV-1 and HIV-2 including strains resistant to AZT

Thymidine analog, Not used with AZT, Used against HIV-1 and HIV-2, Not food-dependent

• Dose-limiting toxicity is dose-related peripheral sensory neuropathy

• A synthetic cytosine analog, • Used against HIV-1, • treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection, • Not food-dependent, • Eliminated unchanged in the urin

• Purine nucleoside analog, • Phosphorylated intracellularly by host cell enzymes, • Severe lower respiratory infections

Protease inhibitors.

Protease inhibitors

• Elvitegravir, • emtricitabine, • tenofovir, • Disoproxil, • cobicistat, • Fumarate

• Dolutegravir, • rilpivirine

• Elvitegravir, • emtricitabine, • tenofovir, • cobicistat, • Fumarate, • alafenamide

• emtricitabine, • tenofovir, • Fumarate, • alafenamide, • Bictegravir

• Dolutagravir, • Abacavir, • lamivudine

•nausea, •Diarrhea, •fatigue, •headache, •insomnia, •dizziness

•First approved drug by FDA for the treatment of COVID (October 2020), •Inhibits RNA polymerase, •Adults and children age 12 and older requiring hospitalization

• Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, • Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine, • Reduce the risk of getting HIV 1 from intercourse when taken every day

Viread, Vemlidy

• First all-oral, one dose per day cure for Hep C, • Other drugs Harvoni, Epclusa and Vosevi

Guanozole

Guanozole

L-ASPARAGINE

L-ASPARAGINE

PEGASPARGASE

Suramin

Altretamine

Sagramostim/Filgrastim

Sagramostim/Filgrastim