STS REVIEWER FOR MIDTERM- LESSON 2 (PART I)

Anndrea S. Galupo · 22問 · 1年前

通報

問題一覧

Greek speculation about “nature". And it is known as “Pre-Socratic” or “non-theological” or “first philosophy”

INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION

Intellectual Revolution is also called what?

PRE-SOCRATIC OR NON-THEOLOGICAL OR FIRST PHILOSOPHY

Which of the following characteristics are included in the Intellectual Revolution?

The world is a natural whole, There is natural ‘order’, Humans can 'discover' those laws

He stated that planets, as well as the sun, and the moon, moved in circular motion around the earth.

CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY

It is stated that planets, as well as the sun, and the moon, moved in circular motion around the earth

GEOCENTRISM

He is one of the renaissance men in science and astronomer and mathematician.

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

He adopted the “heliocentric model”

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

What essay does Copernicus published?

ON THE REVOLUTION OF THE HEAVENLY SPHERES

Upon finishing doctorate degree, Copernicus was appointed as what at Frombork Cathedral in Poland

CANON

It is published by a German, Johannes Mueller in 1946, containing observations of the heavens and some commentary on earlier works especially that of Ptolemy.

EPITOME

What book influenced Nicolaus Copernicus?

EPITOME

In 1500s, Copernicus disseminated a summary of his works in a manuscript called what?

COMMENTARIOLUS (LITTLE COMMENTARY)

In this book he published, he presented a model of the universe in which everything moved around a particular center at consistent rate, placing the sun to be the centerpiece of the universe while all planets are orbiting the sun every year.

DE REVOLUTIONIBUS ORBIUM COELESTIUM

In his Heliocentric model, Copernicus outlined two kinds of planetary motion:

The orbits of Venus and Mercury lay inside the orbit of the Earth, thus, closer to the Sun, The orbits of Mars, Saturn and Jupiter lay outside the Earth’s orbit, thus, farther from the Sun.

The Copernican model led to a furious debate as to whether the earth was at rest, culminating in who's trial? for heresy in 1633 for advocating the Copernican model, and for thinking “that one may hold and defend as probable an opinion after it has been declared and defined contrary to the Holy Scripture.”

GALILEO'S TRIAL

It was considered to be one of the most controversial intellectual revolutions of its time.

DARWINIAN REVOLUTION

Theory of Evolution through Natural Selection is owned by whom?

CHARLES DARWIN

It is a process in which organisms have the ability to adapt to their environment and would gradually change into something that would be more competitive to survive.

EVOLUTION

It is the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. “Survival of the Fittest”

NATURAL SELECTION

He made major contributions on evolutionary biology and philosophy of science. A genius who came from a line of intellectually gifted and wealthy family. Johnson (2012)

CHARLES DARWIN

Darwin’s life soon transformed when he decided to join a five-year expedition through _______ on the Islands of Galapagos.

HMS BEAGLE

In 1859, Darwin published his book________, which is considered the most important work in scientific literature. His book presented pieces of evidence on how species evolved over time.

THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES

What arw the 4 factors of Natural Selection?

VARIATION, OVERPRODUCTION, SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST AND HERITABILITY

Those organisms with heritable traits better suited to the environment will reach maturity and survive.

VARIATION

More organisms are produced that can actually survive.

OVERPRODUCTION

According to Charles Darwin, “It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change”.

SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST

Changes in the organisms brought by the environment will be inherited by their offspring.

HERITABILITY

Father of “Psychoanalysis Theory”

SIGMUND FREUD

He made a significant contribution in the scientific world through the development of an important observational method to gather reliable data to study human’s inner life. This method is popularly known as the method of psychoanalysis. It is a scientific way to study the human.

SIGMUND FREUD

It is a scientific way to study the human.

PSYCHOANALYSIS

Freud proposed a more structured model of the mind that better depicted his original ideas about conscious and unconscious processes.

THE ID, EGO AND SUPEREGO

It operates at an unconscious level as the motor of our two main instinctual drives: Eros, or the survival instinct that drives us to engage in life-sustaining activities, and Thanatos, or the death instinct that drives destructive, aggressive, and violent behavior. (Pleasure Principle)

It acts as a filter for the id that works as both a conduit for and check on our unconscious drives. It ensures our needs are met in a socially appropriate way. It is oriented to navigating reality and begins to develop in infancy. (Reality Principle)

EGO

What are the two main instinctual drives of people?

EROS AND THANATOS

The survival instinct that drives us to engage in life-sustaining activities.

EROS

Death instinct that drives destructive, aggressive, and violent behavior

THANATOS

It is the term Freud gives to “conscience” where morality and higher principles reside, encouraging us to act in socially and morally acceptable ways. (Moral Principle)

SUPEREGO

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