Bacteria and disease

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 44問 · 1年前

通報

問題一覧

Initial entry First manifest signs and symptoms

Incubation period

Initial manifestations Non specific constitutional symptoms Fever, body malaise, cough, colds

Prodromal

Maximal invasion Signs and symptoms characteristics are seen

Period of illness

Manifestation diminish defervescence

Decline phase

Recovery period Asymptomatic Return to normal pre diseased state

Convalescence

Droplet transmission

Direct contact

Airborne Vehicle Vector

Indirect transmission

Kissing or sexual transmission warts infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV syphilis

Person to person contact

Respiratory tract infection such as colds or influenza

Droplet spread

Direct contact

Dust or aerosols Remained suspended in air due to their small size Cover farther distance than droplets c. neoformans - aerosolized pigeons or fowl dropping measles - aerosols

Airborne transmission

Thru media - food, water, milk, blood, body secretions fomites or inanimate objects - beddings clothing

Vehicle transmission

Cholera and typhoid transmitted thru contaminated water

Gastrointestinal infection

Insects Mechanical and biological transmission

Vector transmission

Passive transport of organism on the insects test or body flies transfer organisms from feces of infected person to food

Mechanical transmission

Active transport Organism enter insect vector after insect vector bite infected person Ex- malaria- anopheles mosquito Rat flea - yersinia pestis - Plaque

Biological transmission

Outside the body Cholera Hospital acquired infection/ nosocomial

Exogenous

Inside the body e. Coli

Endogenous

Disease occurs occasionally

Sporadic

Constantly present in a population at low levels Malaria in Palawan Schistosomiasis In Leyte

Endemic disease

Great number of people in a given locality develop infections disease in a short period of time

Epidemic

Great number of people in a given locality develop an infections disease in as short period of time ex. Influenza

Epidemic

Worldwide occurence atleast 3 regions Influenza A, SARS, AIDS

pandemic

Develops Rapidly last for a short period of time Common cold

Acute disease

Develop more slowly Long period of time Tuberculosis

Chronic disease

Causative organisms remain inactive for a time but can be active again Herpesviridae Shingles - reactivation of latent chickenpox

Latent disease

Spread from one host to another directly or indirectly Ex. Measles, tuberculosis, typhoid fever

Communicable disease

Death of the patient over a short period of time Ex. Meningococcemia

Fulminant infection

Measles and chicken

Contagious diseass

c. tetani Produces disease only when it enters body the breaks in the skin

Non communicable disease

Hepatitis viruses Antibodies produced against virus and cytotoxic tell → destruction of hepatocytes German measles

Immunologic

Mostly gram positive bacteria Secreted outside the cell Extremely toxic Extremely antigenic Specific for a particular cell

Exotoxin

Gram negative bacteria only LPS General such as tender, malaise, and shock

Endotoxin

Intracellular Manly proteins Diphtheria, botulinum, tetanus toxin

Exotoxin

Salmonella Shigella e. coli

Endotoxin

Specific component responsible for endotoxin actuty

LPS

Enzyme produce by c. Perfringens

Collagenase

Part of the bacterial cell envelope

Endotoxin

Vibrio cholerae secretes enterotoxin causes watery diarrhea What is the mechanism

Chemical

true of endotoxin

Associated with gram negative bacteria

Relative measure of an organisms ability to produce disease.

Virulence

malaria via transfusion of infected blood to recipient

Vehicle

Patient diagnosed with AIDS He is separated from healthy individuals so as to no contract disease

reverse isolation

True of exotoxin

weakly antigenic

Causes disease by directly damaging tissues

Mechanical

Greater the no. of microorganism Shorter _

Incubation period

Early mild symptoms Non specific fever, cough, colds, malaise

Prodromal

No signs or symptoms

Incubation

Secreted by bacteria Gram positive protein or short peptides extremely antigenic

Exotoxin

Lipid A of LPs of outer membrane weakly toxic less antigenic

Endotoxin

Gas gangrene Botulism Diphtheria Tetanus Scarlet fever

exotoxin

Typhoid fever Urinary tract inf Meningococcal meningitis Meningoroccemia

Endotoxin

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General Principles

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Quiz routes of administration

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