Respiratory

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 44問 · 1年前

通報

問題一覧

3 Non-selective beta agonists:

Epinephrine, Isoproterenol, Ephedrine

3 Selective Beta2 agonists

Short-acting, Long-acting, Ultra-long-acting

Selective Beta2 agonists (short acting ) 5

Albuterol, Terbutaline, Metaproterenol, Levalbuterol, Pirbuterol

Selective Beta2 agonists (long acting ) 2

Salmeterol, Formoterol

Selective Beta2 agonists (ultra long acting ) 4

Indacaterol, Olodaterol, Vilanterol, Bambuterol

3 Methyxanthines

Theophylline, Theobromide, Caffeine

4 Muscarinic antagonists

Ipratropium bromide, Tiotropium, Aclidinium, Umeclidinium

Anti-inflammatory Agents 3

Corticosteroids, Release inhibitors, Leukotriene antagonists

TargetedMonoclonalAntibodies • IgE Antibody

Omalizumab

Leukotriene antagonists 3

Zeliuton, Montelukast, Zafirlukast

Release inhibitors

Cromolyn sodium/Nedocromil

Bronchodilators 3

Sympathomimetic Agents/Beta agonists, Methyxanthines, Muscarinic antagonists

Non-selective Beta-Agonists

Epinephrine

Tachycardia, arrhythmias, worsening of angina pectoris

Epinephrine

Arrhythmias

Isoproterenol

Pronounced central effects

Ephedrine

partial agonist

Salmeterol

full agonist

Formoterol

Methylxanthine drugs 3

theophylline, theobromide, caffeine

theophylline 3 derivatives

aminophylline, dyphylline, oxtriptylline

1,3-dimethylxanthine

theophylline

3,7-dimethylxanthene

theobromide

1,3,7-trimethyxanthine

caffeine

selective inhibitor of PDE4

Roflumilast

Xanthine derivative, more potent bronchodilator, devoid of adenosine antagonism

Enprofylline

stimulate secretion of gastric acid and digestive enzymes

GIT

weak diuretics

Kidneys

have potent effects in improving contractility and in reversing fatigue of diaphragm in patient with COPD

Skeletal muscles

• inhibit antigen-induced release of histamine from lung tissue

Smooth muscle

Methylxanthine drugs • Pharmacodynamics (4)

GIT, Kidneys, Skeletal muscles, Smooth muscle

quarternary ammonium derivative of atropine

Ipratropium bromide

structural analog of ipratropium

Tiotropium

Delivered by inhalation (metered dose inhaler/nebulizer) – Slightly less effective than beta agonist – Adverse effects: blurred vision, dry mouth and urinary retention – Effective in COPD

Anti-Muscarinic/Anticholinergic Agents

Reducing the inflammatory cells and their activation in the airways Minimize sputum production and secretion

Corticosteroids

The most effective way to avoid systemic adverse effects of corticosteroid therapy

Inhaled Corticosteroids

SE: hoarseness, oropharyngeal candidiasis - topical clotrimazole

Inhaled Corticosteroids

– SE: truncal obesity, bruising, osteoporosis, diabetes, hypertension, gastric ulceration, proximal myopathy, depression, cataracts

Systemic Corticosteroids

Mucolytic Agents 3

Acetylcysteine (mucomyst), Carbocysteine (SCMC), Bromhexine

- reduce the thickness and stickiness of purulent and non-purulent pulmonary secretions - antidote for paracetamol poisoning

Acetylcysteine (mucomyst)

- act by regulating and normalizing the viscosity of secretion from the mucus cell of respiratory tract - decrease the size and number of mucus producing cells

Carbocysteine (SCMC)

- depolymerization of mucopolysaccharides, direct effect on bronchial glands - liberation of lysosomal enzymes producing cells which digest mucopolysaccharide fibers

Bromhexine

Mucokinetic & Secretolytic

Ambroxol

- increase respiratory tract secretions - enhance pulmonary surfactant production - stimulates cilia activity

Ambroxol

Expectorant 2

Vagal stimulants, Direct stimulants

Vagal stimulants 2

glyceryl guiacolate, salt solution

4 Direct stimulants

KISS, bromhexine, SCMC, ambroxol

Narcotic antitussives 3

heroin, codeine, morphine

Non-narcotic antitussive

Dextromethorphan

recently been developed for the treatment of eosinophilic asthma

Benralizumab

associated with hypersensitivity reactions

Reslizumab

- carries a small (0.3%) risk of anaphylaxis - reactivation of herpes zoster

Mepolizumab

approval as add-on, maintenance therapy of severe asthma in patients with eosinophilic phenotype

Anti-IL-5 Therapy

Anti-IL-5 Therapy (3)

Mepolizumab, Reslizumab, Benralizumab

- drugs that reduce the amount of IgE that binds to its receptors (Fcε-R1 and Fcε- R2) on mast cells, dendritic cells, basophils and other inflammatory cells

Anti-IgE Antibodies

indications: - severe asthma exacerbations - evidence of allergic sensitization - chronic recurrent urticaria - peanut allergy

Omalizumab (anti-IgE MAb)

elimination: liver reticuloendothelial system, bile

Omalizumab (anti-IgE MAb)

Main indication: reducing symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

Cromolyn Sodium & Nedocromil

Act by inhibiting mast cell degranulation Have no direct bronchodilator action

Cromolyn Sodium & Nedocromil

Other effects: • Have demonstrated an important role in aspirin-induced asthma

Antileukotrienes

Selectively and reversibly inhibits the 5-lipoxygenase pathway

Zileuton

• Blocks the cysteinyl leukotrienes LTD4 and LTE4 at the CsyLT1 receptor

Montelukast and Zafirlukast

Sporeformers

Sporeformers

44問 • 1年前

Spirochetes

Spirochetes

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 75問 · 1年前

Subcutaneous, Systemic, Opportunistic Mycoses

Subcutaneous, Systemic, Opportunistic Mycoses

75問 • 1年前

Mycobacteria

Mycobacteria

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 64問 · 1年前

Bacterial Classification, morphology, utrastructure

Bacterial Classification, morphology, utrastructure

64問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 31問 · 1年前

HIV

HIV

31問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 24問 · 1年前

CORONA

CORONA

24問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 15問 · 1年前

PAPILLO

PAPILLO

15問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 16問 · 1年前

ADENO

ADENO

16問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 6問 · 1年前

POX

POX

6問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 25問 · 1年前

PARVO

PARVO

25問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 24問 · 1年前

HEPATOTROPHIC

HEPATOTROPHIC

24問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 25問 · 1年前

PICORNA

PICORNA

25問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 26問 · 1年前

RABIES

RABIES

26問 • 1年前

PARAMYXO

PARAMYXO

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 40問 · 1年前

HERPES

HERPES

40問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 7問 · 1年前

ORTHO

ORTHO

7問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 24問 · 1年前

FLAVI

FLAVI

24問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 19問 · 1年前

TOGA

TOGA

19問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 16問 · 1年前

VIRUS STRUCTURE

VIRUS STRUCTURE

16問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 61問 · 1年前

Normal Flora

Normal Flora

61問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 63問 · 1年前

Bacterial physiology, growth, nutrition

Bacterial physiology, growth, nutrition

63問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 27問 · 1年前

Neisseria & Corynebacterium

Neisseria & Corynebacterium

27問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 31問 · 1年前

Mycology, superficial,cutaneous mycoses

Mycology, superficial,cutaneous mycoses

31問 • 1年前

Parasitology (Protozoa, Cestodes, Nematodes, Trematodes)

Parasitology (Protozoa, Cestodes, Nematodes, Trematodes)

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 39問 · 1年前

Enterobacteriaceae

Enterobacteriaceae

39問 • 1年前

Chlamydia

Chlamydia

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 48問 · 1年前

Staphyloccocus and streptococcus

Staphyloccocus and streptococcus

48問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 11問 · 1年前

Sterilization and disinfection

Sterilization and disinfection

11問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 52問 · 1年前

Bacteria and disease

Bacteria and disease

52問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 99問 · 1年前

Complement hypersensitivity reactions, immunology, humoral and cell mediated immunity

Complement hypersensitivity reactions, immunology, humoral and cell mediated immunity

99問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 25問 · 1年前

Nematodes

Nematodes

25問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 23問 · 1年前

Trematodes

Trematodes

23問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 11問 · 1年前

Cestodes

Cestodes

11問 • 1年前

Protozoa

Protozoa

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 62問 · 1年前

Cell injury, cell death, and adaptations

Cell injury, cell death, and adaptations

62問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 72問 · 1年前

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

72問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 43問 · 1年前

General Principles

General Principles

43問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 64問 · 1年前

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

64問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 33問 · 1年前

RX WRITING

RX WRITING

33問 • 1年前

QUIZ CC 1

QUIZ CC 1

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 30問 · 1年前

GYPSUM PRODUCTS

GYPSUM PRODUCTS

30問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 37問 · 1年前

Genetic Disorders

Genetic Disorders

37問 • 1年前

Quiz anesthesia

Quiz anesthesia

Quiz CNS

Quiz CNS

Quiz ANS

Quiz ANS

Quiz General principles

Quiz General principles

Quiz Rx writing and math calculations

Quiz Rx writing and math calculations

INTRO

INTRO

Quiz routes of administration

Quiz routes of administration

HEMODYNAMICS, COAGULATION CASCADES, THROMBOSIS SHOCK PATHOLOGY

HEMODYNAMICS, COAGULATION CASCADES, THROMBOSIS SHOCK PATHOLOGY

QUIZ CC 2

QUIZ CC 2

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 78問 · 1年前

Impression materials

Impression materials

78問 • 1年前

Quiz anesthesia LECTURE

Quiz anesthesia LECTURE

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 66問 · 1年前

ANESTHESIA

ANESTHESIA

66問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 8問 · 1年前

QUIZ cell injury cell death and adaptations

QUIZ cell injury cell death and adaptations

8問 • 1年前

QUIZ genetic disorders

QUIZ genetic disorders

QUIZ HEMODYNAMICS, COAGULATION CASCADES, THROMBOSIS SHOCK PATHOLOGY

QUIZ HEMODYNAMICS, COAGULATION CASCADES, THROMBOSIS SHOCK PATHOLOGY

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 100問 · 1年前

Enamel

Enamel

100問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 9問 · 1年前

Enamel PART 2

Enamel PART 2

9問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 78問 · 1年前

Dentin

Dentin

78問 • 1年前

QUIZ Dentin Pulp

QUIZ Dentin Pulp

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 70問 · 1年前

Pulp

Pulp

70問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 60問 · 1年前

Physical exam history taking ppt

Physical exam history taking ppt

60問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 76問 · 1年前

Saliva and salivary glands

Saliva and salivary glands

76問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 77問 · 1年前

INTRO PPT

INTRO PPT

77問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 36問 · 1年前

Pulp PART 2

Pulp PART 2

36問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 11問 · 1年前

INTRO

INTRO

11問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 100問 · 1年前

PERIODONTIUM

PERIODONTIUM

100問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 67問 · 1年前

PERIODONTIUM PART 2

PERIODONTIUM PART 2

67問 • 1年前

Quiz pulp

Quiz pulp

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 17問 · 1年前

SALIVA

SALIVA

17問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 35問 · 1年前

Inflammation and repair LECTURE

Inflammation and repair LECTURE

35問 • 1年前

Inflammation and repair part 2

Inflammation and repair part 2

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 49問 · 1年前

WEEK 1 IC

WEEK 1 IC

49問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 34問 · 1年前

WEEK 2 HEPA

WEEK 2 HEPA

34問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 27問 · 1年前

WEEK 3 HIV

WEEK 3 HIV

27問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 30問 · 1年前

WEEK 4 TB

WEEK 4 TB

30問 • 1年前

infectious disease

infectious disease

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 57問 · 1年前

anti tb week 1

anti tb week 1

57問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 67問 · 1年前

Elastomeric (Rubber) Impression Materials

Elastomeric (Rubber) Impression Materials

67問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 45問 · 1年前

antiseptics and disinfectants

antiseptics and disinfectants

45問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 71問 · 1年前

Pain

Pain

71問 • 1年前

Olfaction

Olfaction

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 31問 · 1年前

Taste

Taste

31問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 19問 · 1年前

Mastication and deglutition

Mastication and deglutition

19問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 32問 · 1年前

Tactile sensation

Tactile sensation

32問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 73問 · 1年前

Susceptible host

Susceptible host

73問 • 1年前

Biofilm

Biofilm

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 67問 · 1年前

Dental caries

Dental caries

67問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 36問 · 1年前

Substrate

Substrate

36問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 48問 · 1年前

infectious disease lec

infectious disease lec

48問 • 1年前