Delayed type

Symptom of anaphylaxis, severe type of hypersensitivity reaction

T cell Either CD4+T cell (delayed) CD8+ T cell (cytotoxic t cell mediated)

involves both helper and cytotoxic t cells

Re encounter with similar antigen promoting antibody synthesis except IgM

Exotoxins Require multiple doses Not as immunogenic

In rheumatoid arthritis, antibodies deposited on the organs involved

initiate inflammation IgM, IgG synthesis Delayed hypersensitivity

Transplant and graft rejection

Innate humoral immunity

Antigen antibody complexes C1qrs (recognition unit) Cleavage of complement proteins C2 and C4 → c4b2b Both innate and adaptive

Antibody Antigen-antibody complexes Activation of the classical pathway of complement system IgG and IgM

Defense against extracellular and encapsulated organism, toxin producing microbes Neutralize viruses

Either inflammation brought about by cytokines produced by

Local and systemic anaphylaxis

Immediate (anaphylactic) hypersensitivity

Re-exposure to same antigen Stimulating class switching to form antibodies

Propedin pathway Activated by bacterial products (endotoxin/complexes of immunoglobulins) innate immunity

Large granular lymphocytes

CD8 + t cells

Food allergy Urticaria (hives) Eczema allergic rhinitis hay fever asthma

destroy antigen via perforin granzyme Activation of APOPTOSIS

Vascular events of inflammation vasodilation Increase vascular permeability histamine Reaction within minutes of re-exposure

Site of differentiation and maturation of immune cells

Cd4+cd25+t cells

Helper T lymphocytes

Glial (cns) Kupffer (liver) Langerhan (skin) denditric

Transplacental transfer of antibodies

Stabilizes binding C3 convertase of alternative pathway

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Triggers: peanuts, seafood, bee venom, aspirin, penicillin

IgE Allergy Effector cells: mast cells Predominant inflammatory cell: eosinophils

Dry mucous membrane and changes in taste 3 weeks after an unidentified viral illness

CD8+ Main defense against intracellular organisms such as viruses And tumor cells

Vasodilation Type 1 hyper caused by whuch molecule

reaginic antibody Predominant in type 1 hypersensitivity and parasitic infections

Complement proteins are

Stimulate differentiation of B cells to antibody producing plasm cella ACTIVATE CYTOTOXIC T CELLS

Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity

Complement bind to immunoglobulin structure

Secondary immune response

B cells Macrophages Dendritic cells

Phagocytosis Natural killer cells

2nd subtype: complement and Fc receptor mediated inflammation

Direct killing of target cells

Adaptive humoral mediated immunity

Immune complex IgG and IgM Fibrinoid necrosis

.

Secretory immunoglobulin Prevent adhesion to mucosal surface Protection to GIT, digestive tract, genitourinary tract

Limited ability to cause disease Protection against enveloped viruses mimic natural infection Immunity acquired long lived

Autoimmune disorder type 2 hypersensitivty plays significant role

Natural killer cells Phagocytic cells

Site where T cells and B dells encounter antigens for destruction

Adaptive cell mediated Destroy antigens Defense against intracellular organisms and tumor cells

Intracellular pathogens (Mycobicterlum tuberculosis) viruses and fungi delayed type

Major immunoglobulin Secondary immune response Function as opsonin Cross the placenta Chronic inflammation fix complement

Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction

Synthesis of specific antibodies by activated B cell

Peripheral lymphoid organ

Recruit neutrophil lead to inflammation

Surface marker for B cells No biologic activity

3rd subtype: antibodies directed against specific cellular receptors Myasthenia gravis Grave's disease Hyperthyroidism

Hallmark of type 3 HR

specific patterns of sugars (bacterial cell wall) C1 and C3 → C4b2a

Central lymphoid organ

Most abundant in serum Monomer Only immunoglobulin capable of crossing the placenta

Cytotoxic or cytolytic

Specific proteins Destroy antigens Cytokines and complement

First exposure Stimulate inflammation Delayed HR IgG and IgM

Cellular events Infiltration by inflammatory cells Neutrophils and eosinophils LEukotrienes

1st subtype: opsonization and phagocytosis

Severe allergy response: hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction, laryngeal edema

Acute serum sickness - systemic form Arthus reaction - localized form

Kidneys and blood vessels endothelium fibrinoid necrosis Kidneys in Malaria (black water fever) Dengue Hepatitis B ( polyarteritis nodosa)

Surface marker for B cells

T lymphocytes not antibodies

Regulatory T cell - Regulate function of immune cells Recognize self from non self - immune tolerance

Mhc class present antigens cytotoxic T cells

Antigen destroyed by specific cells

Period of sensitization in type 1 HR

Local immune - Arthus reaction systemic immune - acute serum sickness, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, urticaria, joint pain

Anaphylactic shock Bee sting reaction Which cell type