INTRO PPT

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Branch of dentistry concerned with the study of functions and activities of the different structures found in the oral cavity

oral physiology

refers to the collective structures and functions involved in the process of chewing, swallowing, breathing and voice production.

Stomatognathic System

encompasses various components, including the teeth, jaws, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), muscles of mastication, salivary glands, taste buds, and other oral structures

Stomatognathic System

Composed of structures of the mouth and jaws considered collectively as they subserve the functions of mastication, deglutition, respiration and speech.

Stomatognathic System

STOMA

Mouth

GNATHIA

Upper and lower jaws

4 FUNCTIONS OF THE STOMATOGNATHIC SYSTEM

Mastication, Deglutition, Speech, Respiration

physiologic activity formed when there is normal occlusion in a cyclic movement.

mastication

chewing process.

mastication

once the food is chewed, the next step is to swallow it.

DEGLUTITION

swallowing is a complex group of reactions to move food onwards in the digestive tract while preserving the airway

DEGLUTITION

deglutition/swallowing

Adult swallow

sucking/drinking

Infant swallow

earliest means of food transport

suckling

an expression of thought either written or spoken.

Speech

produced by bringing air from the lungs to the larynx where the vocal folds may be held open to allow the air to pass through or may vibrate to make a sound (phonation).

Speech

3 speech purposes

Communication, Articulation and pronunciation, Oral motor control

Speech enables the exchange of thoughts, ideas, and emotions between individuals.

Communication

Speech involves the precise movements of the mouth and vocal organs to produce clear and correct sounds.

Articulation and pronunciation

Speech requires coordination and control of the muscles involved in breathing, phonation, and articulation

Oral motor control

a continuous process closely associated with deglutition.

RESPIRATION

ventilation wherein there is the entrance of oxygen & release of carbon dioxide.

RESPIRATION

RESPIRATION 3 purposes

Homeostasis, Energy production, Gas exchange

Respiration contributes to the maintenance of physiological balance, including the regulation of body temperature.

Homeostasis

The process of respiration generates energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration.

Energy production

Respiration facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment.

Gas exchange

Basal bones superiorly

maxillary and palatine bones

Basal bones inferiorly

mandibular bone

provide the framework for the teeth and play a crucial role in the process of mastication.

jaws

only movable bone in the skull and is connected to the skull through the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

mandible

work together to facilitate biting, chewing, and other oral functions.

jaws

elevates and positions the mandible

Temporalis muscle

elevates the mandible

Masseter

External/Lateral Pterygoid

positions the mandible and moves the jaw laterally. depresses the mandible

elevates the mandible.

Internal/Medial Pterygoid

4 Muscles of Mastication

Temporalis muscle, Masseter, External/Lateral Pterygoid, Internal/Medial Pterygoid

responsible for the movement of the jaw during chewing.

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

muscles work together to coordinate the complex motions required for effective chewing and grinding of food.

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

4 Functions of Muscles of Mastication

Initiating and controlling, stability and alignment, proper positioning and alignment, production of speech sounds and facial expressions.

6 Main Components of TMJ

Mandibular Condyles, Capsule, Articular surface of the mandibular bone, Articular disc, Ligaments, Lateral Pterygoid

joint that connects the mandible to the skull.

TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT

allows for the movement of the jaw, including opening and closing of the mouth, as well as side-to-side and forward-backward movements.

TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT

Sharp-edged teeth at the front of the mouth used for cutting and biting.

Incisors

Pointed teeth next to the incisors, used for tearing and gripping food.

Canines

Broad teeth with cusps, involved in chewing and grinding.

Premolars

Large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth, responsible for crushing and grinding food.

Molars

4 parts of Periodontium

GINGIVA, PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT, CEMENTUM, ALVEOLAR BONE

2 Outer limiting structures

cheeks, lips

Inner limiting structure

tongue

transitory, gliding movement.

upper compartment

for rotary or opening movement.

lower compartment

TMJ Covered with

avascular fibrocartilage.

separates upper and lower compartments.

Articular disc

muscular organ located in the oral cavity composed of muscles and covered with taste buds

tongue

part of the lymphatic system and are located at the back of the throat.

tonsils

part of the body's defense mechanism against infections.

Tonsils

play a role in the body's immune response by trapping and filtering harmful bacteria and viruses that enter the body through the mouth and nose.

Tonsils

Stensen’s duct

Parotid gland

Wharton’s duct

Submandibular gland

Sublingual gland

Bartholin’s duct duct of Rivinus

aqueous solution which moistens the oral cavity

Saliva

main nerve supply of the oral cavity.

Trigeminal

communication network that transmits information by electrical signal in and out of the CNS.

Neural

oral cavity is innervated by a complex neural system that includes

sensory and motor components.

provide feedback regarding touch, temperature, and taste sensations

sensory nerves

control the movements of the muscles involved in chewing, swallowing, and speech.

motor nerves

main nerve involved in oral sensation and motor control

trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)

2 cranial nerves contribute to the neural innervation of the oral cavity.

facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX)

deliver oxygen and nutrients to the oral tissues,

blood vessels

filter and help eliminate toxins, bacteria, and other harmful substances.

lymph nodes

Mastication

Protection of the individual from undesirable food components

mastication

Help further develop or allow jaw bone to grow

mastication

transport of material from mouth to esophagus:

Mastication

Sporeformers

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 44問 · 1年前

Sporeformers