記憶度
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問題一覧
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Normal flora
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5 TYPES OF ORGANISMS THAT INTERACT WITH THE HOST
ecology, Host, Symbiosis, Synergism, Biofilms
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Ecology
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Host
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4 types of symbiosis
Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism, Neutralism
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Transient flora
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Synergism
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Can't cause disease Take nutrients they need to survive
Smart parasite
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Killed their host Find new host when it dies
Dumb parasite
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Only 1 benefits, other member not harmed
Commensalism
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Ex. Mixed infections Polymicrobial infections Anaerobic organisms
Synergism
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Bacteria from biofilms grows in tiny clusters called
Microcolonies
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Blocked by variety of mechanisms called bacterial interference
Exogenous colonization
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Bacterial interference
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Biofilms
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Symbiotic
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Non symbiotic
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2 non symbiotic
Synergism, Antagonism
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Symbiotic
Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism
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Mutualism
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Synergism
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Flourishing depends on:
Temperature, Moisture, Inhibitory substances, Presence of certain nutrients
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4 factors that determine composition of normal flora
Amount and type of nutrients, Ability to resist antibacterial, Ph, Intake of antibiotics, age, nutritional, immune status of host
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Propionibacterium ache
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Prone to colonization by gram negative rods
Diabetics and alcoholics
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In take suppresses normal flora and cause opportunistic infection
Antibiotic
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Sources of normal flora 3
Mothers genital tract, Skin and respiratory tract who handled newborn, Environment
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Causes diarrhea & superficial infection
Candida
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Causes necrotizing enterocolitis
S. Aureus
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Causes pseudomembranous colitis
c. Difficile
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lower the ph to 5
Bifidobacteria
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Provides protection against gonoloccal vulvovaginitis
Vaginal bacteria ( lactobacillus)
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alters the flora of GIT
Prolonged oral antibiotic treatment
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Beneficial effects of normal flora
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Importance of intestinal bacteria 5
Vitamin K, Bile pigments and bile acids, Nutrients absorption, Antagonism, Ammonia and breakdown products
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Sterile above distal 1 cm of urethra
Urinary tract
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Before puberty and postmenopausal stage
Flora of skin and colon
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3 At puberty
Aerobic and anaerobic lactobacilli, Acid ph maintenance, Production of acid from carbohydrates particularly glycogen
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4 Generally sterile
Larynx, Trachea, Bronchioles, Lower airways
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3 Dimorphic fungi
Histoplasma, Coccidiodes, Blastomyces spp
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3 Flora of nose
Corynebacteria, Staphy (s epidermis, S. Aureus), Streptococci
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Site of most prevalent infections
Oral cavity
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Highly acidic Epithelial cells for protection Sterile after meals
Stomach
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Scanty residents flora
Small intestine
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Dominant aerobe in large 'intestine
E coli
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Anaerobes dominate
Large intestine
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Lactobacilli, enterococci
Upper intestine
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Sites that harbor normal resident microbes 8
Skin, Upper respiratory tract, Gastrointestinal tract, Outer opening urethra, External genitalia, Vagina, External ear and canal, External eye olds, lash follicles
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Microbial flora of The normal human body 6
Skin, Respiratory tract, Eye (conjunctive) and outer ear, Intestinal tract, Genito urinary tract , Blood and tissues
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candida albicans
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Most common anaerobes in colon
B. fragilis
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Most of bacteria cultured in small intestine include _,_,and _ which are all transient
Streptococci, lactobacilli, bacteroides
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N. Meningitidis C. diphtheriae B. pertussis
Upper respiratory tract
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Gingival crevices Tonsilar crypts Inhabited by
Anaerobic flora
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Predominant flora of skin
Diphtheroids and staphylococcus epidermidis
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Diptheroids S. Epidermidis
Normal flora of skin
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Tongue Buccal mucosa
S. Viridans
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Mutans Milleri salivarius sanguis
S. Viridans
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h. Influenzae s. Pneumoniae n. Meningitidis Mycoplasma
Transient carriage (pharynx)
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n. Meningitidis C. Diphtheriae Bordetella pertussis
Upper respi tract
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All transient Streptococci Lactobacilli Bacteroïdes
Small intestine