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General Principles
43問 • 1年前
  • Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    study of substances that interact with living systems to produce an effect

    Pharmacology

  • 2

    – drugs used in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases

    Pharmacotherapeutics

  • 3

    unaltered state

    Pharmacognosy

  • 4

    compares the value of 1 pharmaceutical drug or drug therapy to another; evaluates cost and effects to guide optimal healthcare resource allocation

    Pharmacoeconomics

  • 5

    fate of drug in the body depends in certain cases upon a discrete genetic trait

    Pharmacogenomics

  • 6

    4 Physical properties of a drug:

    physical nature of a drug, drug size , chemical forces, shape

  • 7

    2 basic pharmacologic concepts

    Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics

  • 8

    body → drug - “ dose - concentration” relationship

    Pharmacokinetics

  • 9

    Pharmacokinetics 4 processes

    absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination

  • 10

    how a drug transverses the plasma membrane

    Permeation

  • 11

    factors: size of the organ, blood flow, solubility, binding

    Distribution

  • 12

    can be overcome by increasing the concentration of the agonist

    competitive antagonist

  • 13

    cannot be overcome; unavailable

    irreversible antagonist

  • 14

    drug counters the effect of another by binding the drug and blocking its action; (dimecaprol and heavy metals)

    chemical antagonist

  • 15

    drug counters the effect of another by binding to another receptor, causing opposing effect; (steroids and insulin; histamine and omeprazole)

    drug counters the effect of another by binding to another receptor, causing opposing effect; (steroids and insulin; histamine and omeprazole)

  • 16

    dimecaprol and heavy metals)

    chemical antagonist

  • 17

    steroids and insulin; histamine and omeprazole)

    physiologic antagonist

  • 18

    drugs that bind with the receptor and prevents a drug agonist from binding and activating the receptor ; does not inactivate the receptor

    Pharmacologic antagonists

  • 19

    do not have to bind with the drug to produce a maximal effect; maximal effect is produced with less than maximal occupation of the receptors

    spare receptors

  • 20

    response to low dose increases in direct proportion to dose;

    Concentration effect curve

  • 21

    transduction process that occurs between occupancy of the receptors and drug response

    Receptor-effector coupling

  • 22

    drugs that activate the receptor by binding to it

    full agonists

  • 23

    drugs that bind with a receptor but produce a smaller effect at full dosage than a full agonist even when it has saturated the receptors

    partial agonists

  • 24

    when the response of a particular receptor-effector system is measured against increasing concentrations of a drug (graph of the response vs. drug concentration or dose)

    Graded dose response

  • 25

    EC50) – amount of a drug needed to produce a given effect

    pharmacologic potency

  • 26

    Emax)– extent or degree of an effect that can be achieved by the patient

    maximal efficacy

  • 27

    when the minimum dose required to produce a specified response is determined by each member of the population margin of safety ; indicates variability of responsiveness;

    Quantal dose effect response

  • 28

    ↓ responsiveness due to continued drug administration

    Tolerance

  • 29

    rapid, diminishing responsiveness after initial administration

    Tachyphylaxis

  • 30

    if drug product contain the same active ingredient(s), are of the same dosage form, route of administration and are identical in strength and concentration

    Pharmaceutical equivalent

  • 31

    only if the drug is a pharmaceutical equivalent and if they can be expected to have the same clinical effect and safety profile when administered to patients under the condition specified in the labeling

    Therapeutic equivalent

  • 32

    right drug, right dose, right patient, bad effect”

    Adverse Drug Reaction (ADRs)

  • 33

    1 drug is altered by the action of another When combined, would either increase or decrease the effectiveness of 1 or both drugs

    Drug Interaction

  • 34

    instruction to the patient

    Signa

  • 35

    instruction to the pharmacist/pharmacy

    Subscription

  • 36

    Generic name, Brand name (optional), Drug Strength and Preparation

    Inscription

  • 37

    take thou”

    Superscription rx

  • 38

    bind and activate the receptor

    Agonist

  • 39

    Antagonist

    bind to a receptor, compete with and prevent binding by other molecules

  • 40

    Allosteric

    bind to the same receptor molecule

  • 41

    drug →body - “ Concentration-effect” relationship

    Pharmacodynamics

  • 42

    binds with a drug w/out initiating events leading to any of the drug’s effects; buffers concentration gradient that drives diffusion (albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein)

    inert binding site

  • 43

    recognition site; specific binding region that initiates drug effect

    active site

    • Sporeformers

    Sporeformers

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 44問 · 1年前

    Sporeformers

    Sporeformers

    44問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    Spirochetes

    Spirochetes

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 46問 · 1年前

    Spirochetes

    Spirochetes

    46問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    Subcutaneous, Systemic, Opportunistic Mycoses

    Subcutaneous, Systemic, Opportunistic Mycoses

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 75問 · 1年前

    Subcutaneous, Systemic, Opportunistic Mycoses

    Subcutaneous, Systemic, Opportunistic Mycoses

    75問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    Mycobacteria

    Mycobacteria

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 46問 · 1年前

    Mycobacteria

    Mycobacteria

    46問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    Bacterial Classification, morphology, utrastructure

    Bacterial Classification, morphology, utrastructure

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 64問 · 1年前

    Bacterial Classification, morphology, utrastructure

    Bacterial Classification, morphology, utrastructure

    64問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    HIV

    HIV

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 31問 · 1年前

    HIV

    HIV

    31問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    CORONA

    CORONA

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 24問 · 1年前

    CORONA

    CORONA

    24問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    PAPILLO

    PAPILLO

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 15問 · 1年前

    PAPILLO

    PAPILLO

    15問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    ADENO

    ADENO

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 16問 · 1年前

    ADENO

    ADENO

    16問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    POX

    POX

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 6問 · 1年前

    POX

    POX

    6問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    PARVO

    PARVO

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 25問 · 1年前

    PARVO

    PARVO

    25問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    HEPATOTROPHIC

    HEPATOTROPHIC

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 24問 · 1年前

    HEPATOTROPHIC

    HEPATOTROPHIC

    24問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    PICORNA

    PICORNA

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 25問 · 1年前

    PICORNA

    PICORNA

    25問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    RABIES

    RABIES

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 26問 · 1年前

    RABIES

    RABIES

    26問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    PARAMYXO

    PARAMYXO

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 20問 · 1年前

    PARAMYXO

    PARAMYXO

    20問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    HERPES

    HERPES

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 40問 · 1年前

    HERPES

    HERPES

    40問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    ORTHO

    ORTHO

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 7問 · 1年前

    ORTHO

    ORTHO

    7問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    FLAVI

    FLAVI

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 24問 · 1年前

    FLAVI

    FLAVI

    24問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    TOGA

    TOGA

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 19問 · 1年前

    TOGA

    TOGA

    19問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    VIRUS STRUCTURE

    VIRUS STRUCTURE

    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 16問 · 1年前

    VIRUS STRUCTURE

    VIRUS STRUCTURE

    16問 • 1年前
    Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

    問題一覧

  • 1

    study of substances that interact with living systems to produce an effect

    Pharmacology

  • 2

    – drugs used in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases

    Pharmacotherapeutics

  • 3

    unaltered state

    Pharmacognosy

  • 4

    compares the value of 1 pharmaceutical drug or drug therapy to another; evaluates cost and effects to guide optimal healthcare resource allocation

    Pharmacoeconomics

  • 5

    fate of drug in the body depends in certain cases upon a discrete genetic trait

    Pharmacogenomics

  • 6

    4 Physical properties of a drug:

    physical nature of a drug, drug size , chemical forces, shape

  • 7

    2 basic pharmacologic concepts

    Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics

  • 8

    body → drug - “ dose - concentration” relationship

    Pharmacokinetics

  • 9

    Pharmacokinetics 4 processes

    absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination

  • 10

    how a drug transverses the plasma membrane

    Permeation

  • 11

    factors: size of the organ, blood flow, solubility, binding

    Distribution

  • 12

    can be overcome by increasing the concentration of the agonist

    competitive antagonist

  • 13

    cannot be overcome; unavailable

    irreversible antagonist

  • 14

    drug counters the effect of another by binding the drug and blocking its action; (dimecaprol and heavy metals)

    chemical antagonist

  • 15

    drug counters the effect of another by binding to another receptor, causing opposing effect; (steroids and insulin; histamine and omeprazole)

    drug counters the effect of another by binding to another receptor, causing opposing effect; (steroids and insulin; histamine and omeprazole)

  • 16

    dimecaprol and heavy metals)

    chemical antagonist

  • 17

    steroids and insulin; histamine and omeprazole)

    physiologic antagonist

  • 18

    drugs that bind with the receptor and prevents a drug agonist from binding and activating the receptor ; does not inactivate the receptor

    Pharmacologic antagonists

  • 19

    do not have to bind with the drug to produce a maximal effect; maximal effect is produced with less than maximal occupation of the receptors

    spare receptors

  • 20

    response to low dose increases in direct proportion to dose;

    Concentration effect curve

  • 21

    transduction process that occurs between occupancy of the receptors and drug response

    Receptor-effector coupling

  • 22

    drugs that activate the receptor by binding to it

    full agonists

  • 23

    drugs that bind with a receptor but produce a smaller effect at full dosage than a full agonist even when it has saturated the receptors

    partial agonists

  • 24

    when the response of a particular receptor-effector system is measured against increasing concentrations of a drug (graph of the response vs. drug concentration or dose)

    Graded dose response

  • 25

    EC50) – amount of a drug needed to produce a given effect

    pharmacologic potency

  • 26

    Emax)– extent or degree of an effect that can be achieved by the patient

    maximal efficacy

  • 27

    when the minimum dose required to produce a specified response is determined by each member of the population margin of safety ; indicates variability of responsiveness;

    Quantal dose effect response

  • 28

    ↓ responsiveness due to continued drug administration

    Tolerance

  • 29

    rapid, diminishing responsiveness after initial administration

    Tachyphylaxis

  • 30

    if drug product contain the same active ingredient(s), are of the same dosage form, route of administration and are identical in strength and concentration

    Pharmaceutical equivalent

  • 31

    only if the drug is a pharmaceutical equivalent and if they can be expected to have the same clinical effect and safety profile when administered to patients under the condition specified in the labeling

    Therapeutic equivalent

  • 32

    right drug, right dose, right patient, bad effect”

    Adverse Drug Reaction (ADRs)

  • 33

    1 drug is altered by the action of another When combined, would either increase or decrease the effectiveness of 1 or both drugs

    Drug Interaction

  • 34

    instruction to the patient

    Signa

  • 35

    instruction to the pharmacist/pharmacy

    Subscription

  • 36

    Generic name, Brand name (optional), Drug Strength and Preparation

    Inscription

  • 37

    take thou”

    Superscription rx

  • 38

    bind and activate the receptor

    Agonist

  • 39

    Antagonist

    bind to a receptor, compete with and prevent binding by other molecules

  • 40

    Allosteric

    bind to the same receptor molecule

  • 41

    drug →body - “ Concentration-effect” relationship

    Pharmacodynamics

  • 42

    binds with a drug w/out initiating events leading to any of the drug’s effects; buffers concentration gradient that drives diffusion (albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein)

    inert binding site

  • 43

    recognition site; specific binding region that initiates drug effect

    active site