Pulp

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 44問 · 1年前

通報

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Pulp

Dentin and pulp

Pulp

5 function of pulp

Formative, Nutritive, Sensory or protective, Defensive or reparative, Inductive

Odontoblasts from dentin

Formative

Nourishment of dentin

nutritive

Sensory function is performed by nerve fibers within the pulp to mediate sensation of pain

Sensory or protective

Reaction of pulp to irritation by mechanical, thermal, chemical, or bacterial stimuli through inflammation or formation of dentin

Defensive or reparative

Dental papilla, induces IDE cells to differentiate to ameloblasts

Inductive

located in the pulp chamber in the crown potion of the tooth.

Coronal pulp

conical projections of coronal pulp directed towards incisal edges and cusp tips

Pulp horns

average size of foramen of the maxillary teeth in the adult

0.4mm

average size of foramen of the mandibular teeth in the adult

0.3mm

The pulp is circumscribed peripherally by a specialized odontogenic area.

Odontoblasts

This zone is composed of the bodies of odontoblasts bordering the dentin wall.

odontoblast

Contains few cells. This area is suggested to be the site for mobilization of UMC.

Cell free zone (Zone of Weil)

fibroblasts and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

cell rich zone

large-caliber blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels

pulp core

Adjacent to the predentin with the cell bodies in the pulp and cell processes in the dentinal tubules.

odontoblasts

a major site of nutrients and gas exchange within the subodontoblastic plexus

subodontoblastic zone

present beneath the odontoblastic layer. area of mobilization and replacement of odontoblasts.

cell free zone (zone of weil)

present beneath the cell free zone. composed of fibroblasts and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.

cell rich zone

Increased density of as compared to cell free zone More extensive vascular system

cell rich zone

Center of the pulp chamber Many cells Extensive neurovascular supply Similar to cell rich zone

pulp core

Conduction velocity 30-70 m/s Very low threshold, non-noxious sensation

A BETA FIBERS

50% of myelinated fibers in pulp Functions not fully known

A BETA FIBERS

Conduction velocity 2-30 m/s Lower threshold fast, sharp pain

A DELTA FIBERS

Stimulated by hydrodynamic stimuli Sensitive to ischemia Sharp pain

A DELTA FIBERS

Conduction velocity 0-2 m/s Higher threshold Involved in slow, dull pain

C FIBERS

Stimulated by direct pulp damage Sensitive to anesthetics

C FIBERS

Conduction velocity 0-2 m/s Post-ganglionic fibers of superior cervical ganglion Vasoconstriction

Non - myelinated sympathetic fibers

Odontoblast Fibroblast

Formative cells

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

progenitor cells

Macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, plasma cells and Lymphocytes

defensive cells

7 defensive cells

Macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, plasma cells, Lymphocytes

2 fibrillar elements

collagen bundles, fine collagen fiber

Act as a medium to transport nutrients to cells and metabolites of the cell to the blood vessels.

Ground substance

Blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels

Neurovascular elements

early stage of development odontoblasts consist of a single layer

columnar cells

later stages of development, the odontoblastic layer appeared ____ where the broadest part of the cell contains the nucleus

pyriform

These are the most abundant type of cells in pulp, characteristic of cell-rich zone.

fibroblasts

form and maintain the pulp matrix CN fibers and ground substance

Fibroblasts

in periods of less activity and aging these cells appear smaller and round or spindle-shaped with few organelles,

fibrocytes

light microscope, the cells appear irregular in shape with short blunt processes.

histiocyte ( macrophage)

The nucleus is small, more rounded and darker in staining than fibroblast.

histiocyte ( macrophage)

presence is disclosed by intra-vital dyes such trypan blue.

histiocyte (macrophage)

cells are distributed around the odontoblasts and small blood vessels and capillaries.

histiocyte (macrophage)

inflammation cart wheel eccentric antibodies

plasma cells

They are found in normal pulp and they increase during inflammation.

lymphocytes

found in normal pulp and they increase during inflammation.

eosinophils

round nucleus cytoplasm contains many granules. toluidine blue.

mast cells

histamine and heparin

mast cells

undifferentiated mesenchymal cells smaller than fibroblast

progenitor cells

found along walls of blood vessels have the potentiality of forming other types of formative or defensive connective tissue cells.

progenitor cells

the fibers are relatively sparse and delicate throughout the pulp and gradually the bundles increase in size with advancing age.

young pulp

two patterns of collagen distribution can be seen: diffuse collagen network with no definite orientation, bundles of collagen.

older pulp

no elastic fibers

older pulp

consists of acid mucopolysaccharides and neutral glycoprotein. environment that promotes life of the cells

ground substances

Sensory nerve fibers that originate from inferior and superior alveolar nerves innervate the odontoblastic layer of the pulp cavity.

Nerve Plexus of Raschkow

orthodontic tooth movement tooth preparation heavy occlusal forces

Mechanical irritants

antimicrobial agents, restorative materials

chemical irritants

galvanism

electrical irritants

metal restoration

thermal irritants

results from aging or mild irritation (e.g., slowly advancing caries) and causes a change n the composition of the primary dentin.

sclerotic dentin

becomes wider, gradually filling the tubules with calcified material, progressing pulpally from the DEJ

peritubular dentin

sclerosis resulting from a mild irritation

reactive dentin sclerosis

Neutrophils, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages seen in

odontoblastic layer

Increase blood flow and volume. pain elicited from the irritation and will linger a few seconds.

hyperemia/ reversible pulpitis

typified spontaneous, continous throbbing pain. pain elicited by heat and can e relieved with a cold then later, no response to any stimulus.

pulpal necrosis

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