term applied to the accumulated excretory and secretory products which is a viscous fluid discharged by the salivary glands into the oral and vestibular cavities, by the major and minor ducts.

Hypotonic fluid relative to plasma

Average slightly acid

quantity of saliva that secreted per day.

produced saliva by submandibular glands

produced saliva by parotid

produced saliva by sublingual glands

5 inorganic Constituents

5 Nitrogenous Compound

5 proteins

obtained directly from the gland. clear, colorless fluid.

frothy and opalescent fluid containing water, protein, mineral salts, ptyalin, mucin, food particles, desquamated epithelial cells, and salivary corpuscles.

Results from sight or smell of food or from stimulating material of the oral cavity.

occurs in absence of excitation.

Ability to be drawn out into long elastic threads.

sticky

power to resist change in the pH when acid or alkali are added to a solution.

bicarbonate, phosphate and protein

Chemical reaction in w/c compounds with a high molecular weight are reduce to a compound of lower molecular weight.

4 properties of saliva

no change in cytoplasm of the gland.

secretion passes the duct

important for metabolism because they play an important part in modification, absorption, utilization and excretion of food substances.

transform and secrete materials coming from the circulatory fluid of the body

to excrete certain substances.

3 major glands (extrinsic glands)

2 Minor Glands (intrinsic glands)

Parotid

Submandibular

Sublingual; mixed (mainly mucous)

Labial

anterior lingual

posterior lingual

buccal

Von Ebner ‘s gland

Palatine

Glossopalatine

5 DUCT SYSTEM OF THE SALIVARY GLAND

3 FACTORS AFFECTING FLOW RATE

the removal of food that enters the mouth

is the time taken either to clear the substances from the mouth or to reduce to a very low concentration

ability of the saliva to maintain the pH when exposed to acid

3 important buffer system in human being

Main buffer system in human saliva •Most effective as a buffer at pH 6 •Contribution to the overall buffer capacity

percentage of unstimulated saliva BICARBONATE BUFFER SYSTEM

percentage of stimulated saliva BICARBONATE BUFFER SYSTEM

Most effective as buffer at pH 6.8

-50% in unstimulated saliva -minor contribution for the stimulated saliva

Most effective as a buffer at pH value of less than 5

Some salivary pH increase the viscosity of the saliva when the pH becomes acidic to cover and physically protect the teeth against acid load

decrease in salivary function

increase in salivary function

Any change in the quantitative and/or qualitative change in output of SALIVA

Genuine salivary hyperfunction

Cerebral palsy Parkinson’s disease Mentally handicapped patient Neuroleptic medications in adults

common condition in people with underlying disease or those who take certain medication

term based on objective measures of the saliva production

decrease salivary flow rate change in composition

Calcified masses within the salivary duct (saliva stones ) •Asymptomatic and unilateral

Bacterial sialadenitis relatively rare condition usually in elderly who have reduced salivary flow due to systemic disease

Characterized by acute tender swelling of the salivary gland Mumps is the most common form

HIV / AIDS, epidemic parotitis

Diabetes mellitus, hyper/hypothryoidism

Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren’s Syndrome, sarcoidosis

Cystic fibrosis, ectodermal dysplasia

Malnutrition, eating disturbance, bulimia, anorexia nervosa, dehydration

4 SALIVARY GLAND TUMOR

lead cadmium copper

Caused by mucosal irritation or Idiopathic

Salivary glands of man are classified according to the nature of secretion

Salivary glands of man are classified according to the behavior of glands

the composition of saliva depends strongly on the flow rate

Normal daily production of saliva

Ph of saliva acidity

ph of saliva alkalinity

ph of saliva average slightly acid /neutral