Substrate

36問 • 1年前

問題一覧

refers to the important interactions which exist between diet, use of nutrients, genetics, and development.

Bionutrition

emphasizes the role of nutrients in maintaining health and preventing pathologies at an organic, cellular, and subcellular level

Bionutrition

Reduce tooth size

Microdontia

Protein deficiencies 4

Delayed tooth eruption, decreased enamel solubility, salivary gland dysfunction, reduced tooth size (microdontia)

4 An insufficient supply of lipids can lead to the following:

inflammatory and degenerative pathologies, parotid swelling— hyposalivation, degeneration of glandular parenchyma, altered mucosal trophism

An insufficient supply of carbohydrates can lead to the following: 4

altered organogenesis, influence of the metabolism on the dental plaque, Caries, periodontal disease

Maintains the integrity of epithelium

Vitamin A

Vitamin A deficiency 3

impaired epithelial tissue development, tooth formation, enamel hypoplasia

Facilitates intestinal absorption and distribution of calcium

Vitamin D

Calcium, Phosphorus and Fluoride

Calcification of teeth

Fluorosis (mottling of enamel)

Excess fluoride

synthesis of proteins in dentin require

Vitamin C

defective collagen formation, delayed wound healing, dentin malformations, bleeding gums, pulpal alterations

Vitamin C deficiency

Diet And the Development of Dental Caries 4

Type of carbohydrates consumed, Amount of intake, Frequency of intake, consistency of cariogenic food

Frequency of intake

Sugars

intrinsically found in fresh fruits and vegetables, milk, and dairy products

Natural sugars

have no significant role in developing dental caries and other non-communicable diseases probably due to their protective components (polyphenolic compounds, calcium, water, and fiber) and the hardness of some fruits and vegetables, which stimulates saliva production

natural sugars

also called free sugars by the WHO • the sugars added to foods and drinks by manufacturers or cooks processed • sugars present in edible products other than fresh fruit, vegetables, milk, and grains

Added sugars

Excessive intake of added sugars is closely linked to an extensive list of systemic conditions, (4)

dental caries, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular diseases

considered the primary necessary factors in the development of caries 3

Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose

disaccharide of glucose and fructose, is the most cariogenic sugar.

Sucrose

ROLES OF SUCROSE IN DENTAL CARIES FORMATION (3)

production of dextran, production of acid, lower the concentration of Ca, PO4, and F in plaque

acts as a substrate for the synthesis of intra-and extracellular polysaccharides in dental plaque.

sucrose

formed in the presence of sucrose has been shown to have lower concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphate, and fluoride,

Dental plaque

bacteria has an enzyme glucosyl transferase on its surface that is able to cause the polymerization of glucose on the sucrose with the release of the fructose.

s. Mutans

The same enzyme continues to add many glucose molecules to each other to form

Dextran

low cariogenicity; raw vegetables

Raw starch

heterogeneous

Dietary starch

highly refined starch does have the potential to cause dental caries especially if it is retained in the mouth long enough for amylase

cooked starch

combining sucrose and starch is possibly more cariogenic than sugar.

True

cooked starch is between a third and a half as cariogenic as sucrose

True

free sugars be less than 10% of total energy intake, with a further reduction to less than 5% suggested

True

4 Saliva as anti-cariogenic media

Flushing action, Buffering, Remineralization, Antimicrobial

High fermentable carbohydrate content Sticky consistency Highly processed

cariogeni foods

High protein content Moderate fat content Minimal carbohydrate content High Ca and PO4 content Stimulates saliva

Low cariogenerity

which are abundant in BT, suppress the growth of S. mutans, reducing its ability to synthesize glucan and suppressing amylase activity

Polyphenols

Sporeformers

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 44問 · 1年前

Sporeformers