anti tb week 1

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 44問 · 1年前

通報

問題一覧

isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin.

1st line anti tb drugs

can be used to substitute for rifampin if needed (Depending on the reference)

Rifabutin or rifapentine

classified either as a 1st line of 2nd line drug.

Streptomycin

– for recurrent infections or cases that exhibit microbial resistance – ethionamide, cycloserine, amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, para-aminosalicylic acid, bedaquiline. – Gen. less active & often more toxic than the 1⁰ drugs. – used in combination for active tuberculosis that is drug- resistant.

2nd line drugs

first line agents

second line agents

• MOA: inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid

Isoniazid (INH)

most active drug for the treatment of TB

Isoniazid (INH)

MOA: binds with the β-subunit of bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase → inhibit RNA synthesis

Rifampin (RMP)

Adverse effect: • orange color urine, sweat, tears, sputum, feces

Rifampin (RMP)

MOA: inhibits mycobacterial arabinosyl transferase (involved in the polymeration of arabino-glycan, an essential component of mycobacterial cell wall barrier) by embCAB oper

Ethambutol (EMB)

Ethambutol most common; loss of visual acuity; red-green color blindness (dose related)

retrobulbar neuritis

(-) intracellular organism • MOA: (-) mycobacterial fatty acid synthase I involved in mycolic acid synthesis

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

MOA: interfere w/ protein synthesis (30s subunit)

Streptomycin

Most common AE – vertigo and hearing loss

Streptomycin

rifabutin

rifapentine

Isoniazid (INH)

Rifampin (RMP)

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

Ethambutol (EMB)

3 TREATMENT OF LEPROSY

sulfones, rifampin, clofazimine

Streptomycin

category 1

category 2

category 3

category 4

acyclovir (zovirax)

vidarabine (vira-a)

amantadine (symmetrel)

ribavirin (virazole)

DIDANOSINE (Videx)

ZALCITABINE (HIVID)

ZIDUVODINE (Retrovir) Or AZT (azidothymidine)

GANCICLOVIR (Cytovene)

FOSCARNET (Foscavir)

AMPHOTERICIN B

CLOTRIMAZOLE (Canesten)

FLUCONAZOLE (Diflucan)

FLUCYTOSINE (Ancobon)

GRISEOFULVIN (Fulvicin)

ITRACONAZOLE (Sporanox)

KETOCONAZOLE (Nizoral)

MICONAZOLE (Monistat)

NYSTATIN (Mycostatin)

4 PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS

malaria, amebiasis, gardiasis, trichomoniasis

3 HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS

roundworms, tapeworms, flukes

5 ANTI MALARIAL DRUGS

CHLOROQUINE, MEFLOQUINE, PRIMAQUINE, PYRIMETHAMINE, QUININE

3 ANTI AMEBIC & OTHER PROTOZOAL AGENTS

IODOQUINOL, PAROMOMYCIN / DILOXANIDE FUROATE, METRONIDAZOLE

6 ANTI HELMINTHIC AGENTS

DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE, MEBENDAZOLE, NICLOSAMIDE, PRAZIQUANTEL, PYRANTEL PAMOATE, THIABENDAZOLE

- Drug of choice: trematodes -Adv. Effect: GIT and CNS adverse effects

PRAZIQUANTEL

- ascariasis, enterobiasis, hookworm infections -Adv. Effect: mild GIT distress

PYRANTEL PAMOATE

Trichinosis and other roundworm infections - Adv. Effect: GIT distress, allergic reactions

THIABENDAZOLE

Onchocerciasis, loiasis, filariasis -Adv. Effect: headache, malaise, weakness, loss of appetite

DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE

Drug of choice for multi-roundworm infestation -Adv. Effect: GIT distress

MEBENDAZOLE

- Drug of choice: tapeworms -Adv. Effect: GIT distress

NICLOSAMIDE

1st one of defense 5

isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin

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PERIODONTIUM

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WEEK 4 TB

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