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Pain
  • Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

  • 問題数 71 • 11/1/2024

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Non opioid

  • 2

    Opioid

  • 3

    • Most widely used • Frequently prescribed • Often taken without prescription • More than 50 • Have significant unwanted effects • Newer agents have fewer and less serious adverse action

    Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

  • 4

    • Enzymes that produce PGs 🡪 promote inflammation, pain and fever.

    Cyclooxygenase enzymes

  • 5

    • 3 major types of effect: ◦ Anti-inflammatory effects • Analgesic effect • Antipyretic effect ◦ Inhibition of arachidonate cyclooxygenase thus inhibition of the production of PGs and TXA2

    Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

  • 6

    • Others:  ◦ Inhibit platelet aggregation except selective COX 2 inhibitors • Gastric irritants • Nephrotoxicity • Hepatotoxicity • Hypertensive complications

    Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

  • 7

    NSAIDs: Pharmacokinetics Weak organic acid, except

    Nabumetone

  • 8

    NSAIDs: Pharmacokinetics food does not change their bioavailability, except

    Fenoprofen & Piroxicam

  • 9

    NSAIDs: Pharmacokinetics Highly protein bound (95% - 99%):

    Albumin

  • 10

    (Aspirin, Na salicylate, choline Mg++ trisalicylate, salsalate, diflunisal, sulfasalazine)

    Salicylic acid derivatives

  • 11

    (Indomethacin, Sulindac)

    Para-chlorobenzoic acid derivatives or indoles

  • 12

    (Phenylbutazone, Azapropazone)

    Pyrazolone derivatives

  • 13

    (Ibuprofen, Flurbiprofen, Ketoprofen, Fenoprofen, Naproxen, Oxaprozin)

    Arylpropionic acid

  • 14

     (Mefenamic Acid, Meclofenamic acid)

    Fenamates/Anthranilic acids

  • 15

     (Piroxicam, Tenoxicam)

    Enolic acids/Oxicams

  • 16

    (Diclofenac Sodium, Tolmetin, ketorolac)

    Heteroaryl/Phenylacetic acids

  • 17

    (Nabumetone)

    Alkalones

  • 18

    Aspirin

  • 19

    Pharmacokinetics aspirin

  • 20

    Pharmacodynamics aspirin

  • 21

    Aspirin unwanted effects 4

    Gastric upset, Increases uric acid levels, Glucose intolerance , Salicylism

  • 22

    4 Aspirin drug interactions

    Warfarin, Spirinolactone, Penicillin, ACE inhibitors

  • 23

    2 Aspirin Contraindications

    Hemophilia, Gastric & duodenal ulcers

  • 24

    Diflunisal

  • 25

    Selective COX-2 Inhibitors

  • 26

    Paracetamol unwanted effects

  • 27

    Paracetamol

  • 28

    Corticosteroid drugs

  • 29

    DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGS (DMARDS)

  • 30

    Colchicine

  • 31

    Probenecid & Sulfinpyrazone

  • 32

    • Reduce uric acid synthesis by inhibiting xanthine oxidase and increasing uric acid excretion • Absorption: 80%, oral &  • Terminal serum t1/2 of 1-2 hours • Given o.d. • Indications: chronic tophaceous gout, uric acid urine (24hrs) > 600-700mg, allergic reactions to probenecid & sulfinyrazone, renal impairment, grossly elevated serum uric acid levels • AE: N/V, diarrhea, peripheral neuritis, necrotizing vasculitis, BM depression, aplastic anemia, hepatic toxicity, interstitial nephritis, allergic skin reaction, cataracts

    ALLOPURINOL

  • 33

    Febuxostat

  • 34

    Febuxostat pharmacodynamics

  • 35

    Pegloticase

  • 36

    Adverse effects Pegloticase

  • 37

    Mixed agonist antagonist

  • 38

    Nalbuphine mu

    Antagonist

  • 39

    Nalbuphine kappa

    Agonist

  • 40

    Naltrexone, Naloxone

    Opioid antagonist

  • 41

    Opioid antagonist

  • 42

    Opioid antagonist

  • 43

    Pure agonists

  • 44

    Pure agonists

  • 45

    Pure agonists

  • 46

    Partial/Weak agonist

  • 47

    Partial/Weak agonist

  • 48

    Kappa

  • 49

    Dynorphins

  • 50

    Spinal analgesia

    K1

  • 51

    Supraspinal analgesia

    K3

  • 52

    Delta

  • 53

    associated with supraspinal analgesia

    U1

  • 54

    sub-serves spinal analgesia, respiratory depression, and gastrointestinal actions

    U2

  • 55

    • Morphine and other similar pure agonists have greater affinity (CNS and PNS) • ß-endorphines and enkephalins

    Mu

  • 56

    Opioid Analgesics & Antagonists

  • 57

    Opioid Analgesics & Antagonists

  • 58

    Opioid Analgesics & Antagonists

  • 59

    Opioid Analgesics & Antagonists

  • 60

    Opioid Analgesics & Antagonists

  • 61

    Interleukin-1 Inhibitors

  • 62

    Interleukin-1 Inhibitors

  • 63

    • a fully human anti-IL-1ß monoclonal antibody 🡪 provides rapid and sustained pain relief ◦ Dose: 150mg SC

    Canakinumab

  • 64

    Non-opioid (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs – NSAIDs) 3

    Non-selective COX inhibitors, Selective COX-2 inhibitors, Selective COX-3 inhibitor

  • 65

    Opioid (Narcotic analgesics) 4

    Pure Agonists, Partial/Weak agonist, Mixed agonist-antagonists, Opioid antagonist

  • 66

    Folic antagonist

    Methotrexate

  • 67

    4.5 days half life Injection site reactions

    Etanercept

  • 68

    IV infusion nausea, headache, sinusitis, rash

    Infliximab

  • 69

    CD20 B lymphocytes

    Rituximab

  • 70

    CD28 to CD80

    Abatacept

  • 71

    15 minutes IV IM

    Parecoxib