Tourpol
問題一覧
1
CLUP
Comprehensive land use plan
2
NIPAS
National Integrated Protected Area System Act of 1992
3
4 guidelines should be observe?
mumc
4
ECA
Environmental Compliance Approval
5
Applicable in protected landscape and seascape
Soft tourism
6
Characterized by a willingness to experience the wilderness with few comforts
Hard tourism
7
If the structure is in mountainous area with towering peaks
Triangular-shaped
8
For areas have flat terrain
Horizontal roof
9
Instead pathways over the sharp corals on a beach use:
Boardwalks
10
Mimic nature
Biomimicry
11
Maximum number of people
Carrying capacity
12
Is the number of hours a site is openly divided by the average length of time visitors stay in the area
Rotation coefficient
13
Allows occupants or owner to modify the interior and make it as commercial use
Adaptive reuse
14
Design that structures withstand the forces of nature, like climate chamge and pther disaster
Resilient design
15
Design of cities and municipalities for pwds etc.
Inclusive design
16
A tourist site must have facilities that will help maximize the enjoyment nd education of visitors. These facilities include visitor center, toilets etc.
On-site facilities
17
Building where visitors may be received, have meals, buy souvenirs, and use toilets.
Visitor center
18
Is situated by the entrance and close to the visitor center
Giant trail map
19
Usually a small capacity low-impact accommodation
Ecolodge
20
Other small capacity accommodation arrangements are
Homestays & transient house
21
A pathway that visitors could follow to explore an area
Trail
22
A raised platform that facilitate the movement of people over wetlands, cave formations, mangrove, swamps, rainforests, or stony coastlines
Boardwalk
23
Walkways that are built close to forest canopies
Canopy walks
24
Low influence 5-75 rooms
Ecolodge
25
Pwd friendly design is also known as
Barrier free design
26
defined as "an administrative action-oriented toward maintaining the quality of tourism resources and visitor experiences
Visitor management
27
Visitors can impact a site in 2 ways
Hat they do and their presence
28
emphasize physical, regulatory, and economic management. Visitor management practices aim to limit visitor use. establish rules and regulations, and identify zones
Hard approach
29
use could be done through reservation or booking systems, lottery, queuing, pricing, or merit.
Limiting visitor
30
involves waiting for available spaces or permits.
queuing system
31
requires potential visitors to "earn their permit by demonstrating their knowledge or skill.
Merit system
32
enable a tourist site management to control group size, travel itineraries, access to an area, the length of stay in the site, and the kind of activities that visitors could engage in
Rules and regulations
33
behave in a certain way
Hard techniques
34
only try to influence actions through information, education, and communication.
Soft techniques
35
involves informing the public of the relevant rules to the public, and explaining why such rules exist, as well as the penalty
Soft enforcement
36
include signage, visitor orientation, and interpretation by trained tour guides.
Soft technique
37
involves the issuance of citations, fines, and arrests.
Hard technique
38
defined as deeds that "degrade park resources or experiences of other visitors,"
Depreciative behaviors
39
which involves the determination of areas for specific activities so that conflicting use could be avoided.
Zoning
40
"the process of allocating geographical areas based on certain criteria to prescribe standards, specific conservation measures, /actions, and allowable uses to serve as a guide and achieve the objectives of establishing and managing a particular protected area.
Zoning
41
"identified portions of land and/or water set aside because of their unique physical and biological significance, managed to enhance their biological diversity, and protected against destructive human exploitation."
Protected area
42
include areas with high biodiversity values, areas prone to geohazards, areas set as permanent danger zones, and those close to human activities except for research, sacred grounds, or ceremonial or non-extractive uses by indigenous peoples.
Strict protection zone
43
areas identified for settlement, traditional, and sustainable land use, such as agriculture, agroforestry, and other livelihood activities.
Multiple use zone
44
of the most popular strategies for managing visitor impacts in environmentally sensitive areas is the observance
Carrying capacity
45
are paramount considerations in planning trips to a destination.
Security and safety
46
consists of impact assessment, monitoring, evaluation, and mitigation.
Impact assessment is carried out to identify the changes that a tourism project may create in a
•particular location, and to interventions that will prevent its potential negative impacts from happening.
Tourism impact management
47
Peiss - relevant to environmental impact
Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System (PEISS)
48
are required to secure Environmental Clearance Certificate or ECC.
ECA
49
a procedure for evaluating and predicting the environmental impacts of a project during construction, commissioning, operation, and abandonment.
EIA
50
"the process of identifying and managing the social impacts of industrial projects,"
SIA
51
defined by the Magna Carta of Women (Republic Act No. 9710) as "the development perspective and process that is participatory and empowering, equitable, sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self-determination
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
52
one of the basic steps in separating structures and facilities that may have conflicting use.
Land use zoning
53
the reestablishment or rehabilitation of a site that has been damaged by tourism development. An example of this is when mangroves are replanted in a once lush mangrove forest area that had been cleared for the construction of tourism infrastructure or facilities.
Restoration
54
development of a [habitat] through the manipulation of the physical, chemical, and/or biological characteristics of the site. This is similar to planting trees in a new site as compensation for the destruction of another forested area due to tourism development.
Establishment
55
activities conducted within the existing [habitat] that heighten, intensify, or improve one or more [habitat] functions.
Itis often undertaken for a specific purpose such as to improve water quality, floodwater retention, or wildlife habitat. Some examples are the installation of rubber tires as artificial reefs to spur the growth of marine life in a dive site, and introducing endemic species of plants in a man-made forest area to create a better natural balance.
Enhancement
56
Tourism impact indicators are the equivalent of
Vital signs
57
industry that is highly affected by external factors.
Tourism
58
potential source of harm to persons or property. It may cause property damage or loss, disability to people, or even death.
Hazard
59
can be caused by monsoonal rains (Amihan, Habagat), typhoons, low-pressure areas, (LPA), inter-tropical convergence, storm surges, and other natural phenomena.
Floods
60
occur gradually due to sea-level rise, which is caused by the melting of the ice in the polar regions due to global warming.
Flooding
61
Communities located along the coasts, and in areas of basinal topography (catch basins, or low-lying regions) are extremely susceptible to flooding. Island and beach resorts and sandbars are threatened by sea-level rise and flooding.
Susceptibility
62
another natural hazard. Slope saturation due to heavy rainfall is a primary cause of landslides especially on ridges with loose or weak rock and soil.
Landslides
63
threaten tourist destinations and attractions that are in mountainous areas with steep slopes.
Landslides
64
steep to very steep slopes and underlain by weak materials, and areas with numerous old/inactive landslides
High to very high
65
moderately steep slopes exhibiting soil creep and other indications of possible landslide
Moderately susceptibility
66
gently sloping areas with no identified landslide.
Low suceptibility
67
caused by the sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that creates seismic waves (Dapa CLUP). They manifest themselves on the surface by shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground.
Eathquake
68
Scarcely
Perceptible
Perceptible to people under favorable circumstances. Delicately balanced objects are disturbed slightly. Water in containers oscillates slowly.
1
69
Slightly Felt
Felt by few individuals at rest indoors. Hanging objects swing slightly.
Water in containers oscillates noticeably.
2
70
Weak
Felt by many people indoors especially on upper floors of buildings.
Vibration is felt like the passing of a light truck. Dizziness and nausea are experienced by some people. Hanging objects swing moderately. Water in containers oscillates moderately.
3
71
Moderately
Strong
Felt generally by people indoors and by some people outdoors. Light sleepers are awakened. Vibration is felt like the passing of a heavy truck.
Hanging objects swing considerably. Dinner plates, glasses, windows, and doors rattle. Floors and walls of wood framed buildings creak.
Standing motor cars may rock slightly. Water in containers oscillates strongly. Rumbling sound may be heard.
IV
72
Strong
Generally felt indoors and outdoors. Many sleeping people are awakened. Strong shaking and rocking are felt throughout the building. Hanging objects swing violently. Dining utensils clatter and clink; some are broken. Small, light, and unstable objects may fall or overturn.
Liquids spill from filled open containers. Standing vehicles rock noticeably. There is noticeable shaking of leaves and twigs of trees.
V
73
Very Strong
Many people are frightened; many run outdoors. Some people lose their
balance. motorists feel like driving in flat tires. Heavy objects or furniture move or may be shifted. Small church bells may ring. Wall plaster may crack. Very old or poorly built houses and man-made structures are slightly damaged. Limited rockfalls and rolling boulders occur in hilly or mountainous areas and escarpments. Trees are noticeably shaken.
6
74
Destructive
People find it difficult to stand on upper floors. Heavy objects and furniture overturn or topple. Big church bells may ring. Old or poorly built structures suffer considerable damage. Some well-built structures are slightly damaged. Some cracks may appear on dikes, fish ponds, road surfaces, or concrete hollow block walls. There are limited liquefaction, lateral spreading, and landslides. Trees are shaken strongly.
7
75
Very destructive
People find it difficult to stand even outdoors. Many well-built buildings
Destructive are considerably damaged. Concrete dikes and the foundation of bridges
are destroyed by ground settling or toppling. Railway tracks are bent or broken. Tombstones may be displaced, twisted, or overturned. Utility posts, towers, and monuments mat tilt or topple.
8
76
Devastating
People are forcibly thrown to the ground. Most buildings are damaged.
Bridges and elevated concrete structures are toppled or destroyed.
Numerous utility posts, towers, and monuments are tilted, toppled, or broken. Water sewer pipes are bent, twisted, or broken.
9
77
Completely devastating
Practically all man-made structures are destroyed. There are massive
Devastating landslides, liquefaction, subsidence, and uplifting of landforms, and
several ground fissures. Changes in river courses and destructive seiches (oscillations) in large lakes occur. Many trees are toppled, broken, and uprooted.
10
78
a process by which loose saturated sand weakens during an earthquake and behaves like a liquid (Dapa CLUP). It may happen when the ground consists of uncompacted or unconsolidated sand and silt without much clay; the sand and silt are "soggy" (water-saturated) due to a high-water table, and the site is shaken long and hard enough by an earthquake.
Liquefaction
79
This geologic hazard may occur when cavities, such as caverns and sinkholes are formed due to acidic surface and or groundwater seeping through and dissolving carbonate rocks. A strong earthquake can cause caverns to collapse and form sinkholes
Sudsidence
80
present several hazards. Ashfall can cause respiratory illness and darken skies, making visibility difficult. Lahar, which is a combination of volcanic debris and water, can erode riverbanks, and destroy infrastructure and buildings.
Volcanic eruptions
81
These hazards could be in the form of overexploitation of natural resources, such as irresponsible mining, and conflicts that arise due to intrusions into protected areas or ancestral domains. Crimes, terrorism, warfare, and pandemics are other examples of hazards caused by humans.
Man made hazards
82
combination of the probability of an event happening and its negative consequences," (Del Carmen CLUP). It is the potential loss of lives, health status, livelihood, assets, and services that may be brought about by a disaster on a community for a period of time
Risk
83
This is an unacceptable risk
High
84
This is a manageable risk and happens when an impact may result in injury, displacement,
Moderate
85
low to moderate impact; when the impact may cause minor inconvenience and property damage,
Low
86
can be defined as a "serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its resources,"
Disaster
87
"the systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies policies and improved coping capacities to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster,"
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
88
What ra is DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
10121
89
the outright avoidance of the adverse impacts of hazards and disasters. They consist of actions taken in advance, such as the observance of easements, prohibition of construction in high-risk areas, such as flood catch basins and along fault lines, imposing building height limits in the vicinity of airports, and engineering designs.
Prevention
90
lessening or reduction of the adverse effects of hazards and disasters. The purpose of this is to prevent the occurrence of disasters in the future.
Mitigation
91
refers to the knowledge and capacities of governments, organizations, communites, and individuals to effectively anticipate, resend to, and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent, or current hazards events or conditions.
Preparedness
92
provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety, and meet the basic subsistence of the affected people or victims.
Response
93
the restoration and improvement where appropriate of facilities, livelihood, and living conditions in the affected areas, in accordance with principles of "build back better"
Recovery
94
"are measures that ensure the ability of affected areas to restore their normal functions by rebuilding livelihood and damaged infrastructure, and increasing the communities' organizational capacity,"
Rehabilitation
95
Opposite of resilience is
Vulnerability
96
include women and children, the elderly, PWDs, ethnic communities (RA No. 10121), and people living in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas
Vulnerable group
97
may come in the form of legal measures, such as laws and local ordinances. It also encompasses engineering techniques and hazard-resistant construction, and improved environmental policies and public awareness
Mitigation
98
refer to areas prone to natural hazards, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, storm surges.
Environmentally constrained areas
99
include heavy industries (steel mills, petrochemical plants, etc.), resource extractive industries (mining, quarrying, etc.), infrastructure projects (dams, highways, etc.), and golf courses
ECP
100
cover strict nature reserves, natural parks, national monuments, wildlife sanctuary, protected landscapes and seascapes, resource reserves, natural biotic areas, and others established by law, conventions, and international agreements
Protected areas
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問題一覧
1
CLUP
Comprehensive land use plan
2
NIPAS
National Integrated Protected Area System Act of 1992
3
4 guidelines should be observe?
mumc
4
ECA
Environmental Compliance Approval
5
Applicable in protected landscape and seascape
Soft tourism
6
Characterized by a willingness to experience the wilderness with few comforts
Hard tourism
7
If the structure is in mountainous area with towering peaks
Triangular-shaped
8
For areas have flat terrain
Horizontal roof
9
Instead pathways over the sharp corals on a beach use:
Boardwalks
10
Mimic nature
Biomimicry
11
Maximum number of people
Carrying capacity
12
Is the number of hours a site is openly divided by the average length of time visitors stay in the area
Rotation coefficient
13
Allows occupants or owner to modify the interior and make it as commercial use
Adaptive reuse
14
Design that structures withstand the forces of nature, like climate chamge and pther disaster
Resilient design
15
Design of cities and municipalities for pwds etc.
Inclusive design
16
A tourist site must have facilities that will help maximize the enjoyment nd education of visitors. These facilities include visitor center, toilets etc.
On-site facilities
17
Building where visitors may be received, have meals, buy souvenirs, and use toilets.
Visitor center
18
Is situated by the entrance and close to the visitor center
Giant trail map
19
Usually a small capacity low-impact accommodation
Ecolodge
20
Other small capacity accommodation arrangements are
Homestays & transient house
21
A pathway that visitors could follow to explore an area
Trail
22
A raised platform that facilitate the movement of people over wetlands, cave formations, mangrove, swamps, rainforests, or stony coastlines
Boardwalk
23
Walkways that are built close to forest canopies
Canopy walks
24
Low influence 5-75 rooms
Ecolodge
25
Pwd friendly design is also known as
Barrier free design
26
defined as "an administrative action-oriented toward maintaining the quality of tourism resources and visitor experiences
Visitor management
27
Visitors can impact a site in 2 ways
Hat they do and their presence
28
emphasize physical, regulatory, and economic management. Visitor management practices aim to limit visitor use. establish rules and regulations, and identify zones
Hard approach
29
use could be done through reservation or booking systems, lottery, queuing, pricing, or merit.
Limiting visitor
30
involves waiting for available spaces or permits.
queuing system
31
requires potential visitors to "earn their permit by demonstrating their knowledge or skill.
Merit system
32
enable a tourist site management to control group size, travel itineraries, access to an area, the length of stay in the site, and the kind of activities that visitors could engage in
Rules and regulations
33
behave in a certain way
Hard techniques
34
only try to influence actions through information, education, and communication.
Soft techniques
35
involves informing the public of the relevant rules to the public, and explaining why such rules exist, as well as the penalty
Soft enforcement
36
include signage, visitor orientation, and interpretation by trained tour guides.
Soft technique
37
involves the issuance of citations, fines, and arrests.
Hard technique
38
defined as deeds that "degrade park resources or experiences of other visitors,"
Depreciative behaviors
39
which involves the determination of areas for specific activities so that conflicting use could be avoided.
Zoning
40
"the process of allocating geographical areas based on certain criteria to prescribe standards, specific conservation measures, /actions, and allowable uses to serve as a guide and achieve the objectives of establishing and managing a particular protected area.
Zoning
41
"identified portions of land and/or water set aside because of their unique physical and biological significance, managed to enhance their biological diversity, and protected against destructive human exploitation."
Protected area
42
include areas with high biodiversity values, areas prone to geohazards, areas set as permanent danger zones, and those close to human activities except for research, sacred grounds, or ceremonial or non-extractive uses by indigenous peoples.
Strict protection zone
43
areas identified for settlement, traditional, and sustainable land use, such as agriculture, agroforestry, and other livelihood activities.
Multiple use zone
44
of the most popular strategies for managing visitor impacts in environmentally sensitive areas is the observance
Carrying capacity
45
are paramount considerations in planning trips to a destination.
Security and safety
46
consists of impact assessment, monitoring, evaluation, and mitigation.
Impact assessment is carried out to identify the changes that a tourism project may create in a
•particular location, and to interventions that will prevent its potential negative impacts from happening.
Tourism impact management
47
Peiss - relevant to environmental impact
Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System (PEISS)
48
are required to secure Environmental Clearance Certificate or ECC.
ECA
49
a procedure for evaluating and predicting the environmental impacts of a project during construction, commissioning, operation, and abandonment.
EIA
50
"the process of identifying and managing the social impacts of industrial projects,"
SIA
51
defined by the Magna Carta of Women (Republic Act No. 9710) as "the development perspective and process that is participatory and empowering, equitable, sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self-determination
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
52
one of the basic steps in separating structures and facilities that may have conflicting use.
Land use zoning
53
the reestablishment or rehabilitation of a site that has been damaged by tourism development. An example of this is when mangroves are replanted in a once lush mangrove forest area that had been cleared for the construction of tourism infrastructure or facilities.
Restoration
54
development of a [habitat] through the manipulation of the physical, chemical, and/or biological characteristics of the site. This is similar to planting trees in a new site as compensation for the destruction of another forested area due to tourism development.
Establishment
55
activities conducted within the existing [habitat] that heighten, intensify, or improve one or more [habitat] functions.
Itis often undertaken for a specific purpose such as to improve water quality, floodwater retention, or wildlife habitat. Some examples are the installation of rubber tires as artificial reefs to spur the growth of marine life in a dive site, and introducing endemic species of plants in a man-made forest area to create a better natural balance.
Enhancement
56
Tourism impact indicators are the equivalent of
Vital signs
57
industry that is highly affected by external factors.
Tourism
58
potential source of harm to persons or property. It may cause property damage or loss, disability to people, or even death.
Hazard
59
can be caused by monsoonal rains (Amihan, Habagat), typhoons, low-pressure areas, (LPA), inter-tropical convergence, storm surges, and other natural phenomena.
Floods
60
occur gradually due to sea-level rise, which is caused by the melting of the ice in the polar regions due to global warming.
Flooding
61
Communities located along the coasts, and in areas of basinal topography (catch basins, or low-lying regions) are extremely susceptible to flooding. Island and beach resorts and sandbars are threatened by sea-level rise and flooding.
Susceptibility
62
another natural hazard. Slope saturation due to heavy rainfall is a primary cause of landslides especially on ridges with loose or weak rock and soil.
Landslides
63
threaten tourist destinations and attractions that are in mountainous areas with steep slopes.
Landslides
64
steep to very steep slopes and underlain by weak materials, and areas with numerous old/inactive landslides
High to very high
65
moderately steep slopes exhibiting soil creep and other indications of possible landslide
Moderately susceptibility
66
gently sloping areas with no identified landslide.
Low suceptibility
67
caused by the sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that creates seismic waves (Dapa CLUP). They manifest themselves on the surface by shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground.
Eathquake
68
Scarcely
Perceptible
Perceptible to people under favorable circumstances. Delicately balanced objects are disturbed slightly. Water in containers oscillates slowly.
1
69
Slightly Felt
Felt by few individuals at rest indoors. Hanging objects swing slightly.
Water in containers oscillates noticeably.
2
70
Weak
Felt by many people indoors especially on upper floors of buildings.
Vibration is felt like the passing of a light truck. Dizziness and nausea are experienced by some people. Hanging objects swing moderately. Water in containers oscillates moderately.
3
71
Moderately
Strong
Felt generally by people indoors and by some people outdoors. Light sleepers are awakened. Vibration is felt like the passing of a heavy truck.
Hanging objects swing considerably. Dinner plates, glasses, windows, and doors rattle. Floors and walls of wood framed buildings creak.
Standing motor cars may rock slightly. Water in containers oscillates strongly. Rumbling sound may be heard.
IV
72
Strong
Generally felt indoors and outdoors. Many sleeping people are awakened. Strong shaking and rocking are felt throughout the building. Hanging objects swing violently. Dining utensils clatter and clink; some are broken. Small, light, and unstable objects may fall or overturn.
Liquids spill from filled open containers. Standing vehicles rock noticeably. There is noticeable shaking of leaves and twigs of trees.
V
73
Very Strong
Many people are frightened; many run outdoors. Some people lose their
balance. motorists feel like driving in flat tires. Heavy objects or furniture move or may be shifted. Small church bells may ring. Wall plaster may crack. Very old or poorly built houses and man-made structures are slightly damaged. Limited rockfalls and rolling boulders occur in hilly or mountainous areas and escarpments. Trees are noticeably shaken.
6
74
Destructive
People find it difficult to stand on upper floors. Heavy objects and furniture overturn or topple. Big church bells may ring. Old or poorly built structures suffer considerable damage. Some well-built structures are slightly damaged. Some cracks may appear on dikes, fish ponds, road surfaces, or concrete hollow block walls. There are limited liquefaction, lateral spreading, and landslides. Trees are shaken strongly.
7
75
Very destructive
People find it difficult to stand even outdoors. Many well-built buildings
Destructive are considerably damaged. Concrete dikes and the foundation of bridges
are destroyed by ground settling or toppling. Railway tracks are bent or broken. Tombstones may be displaced, twisted, or overturned. Utility posts, towers, and monuments mat tilt or topple.
8
76
Devastating
People are forcibly thrown to the ground. Most buildings are damaged.
Bridges and elevated concrete structures are toppled or destroyed.
Numerous utility posts, towers, and monuments are tilted, toppled, or broken. Water sewer pipes are bent, twisted, or broken.
9
77
Completely devastating
Practically all man-made structures are destroyed. There are massive
Devastating landslides, liquefaction, subsidence, and uplifting of landforms, and
several ground fissures. Changes in river courses and destructive seiches (oscillations) in large lakes occur. Many trees are toppled, broken, and uprooted.
10
78
a process by which loose saturated sand weakens during an earthquake and behaves like a liquid (Dapa CLUP). It may happen when the ground consists of uncompacted or unconsolidated sand and silt without much clay; the sand and silt are "soggy" (water-saturated) due to a high-water table, and the site is shaken long and hard enough by an earthquake.
Liquefaction
79
This geologic hazard may occur when cavities, such as caverns and sinkholes are formed due to acidic surface and or groundwater seeping through and dissolving carbonate rocks. A strong earthquake can cause caverns to collapse and form sinkholes
Sudsidence
80
present several hazards. Ashfall can cause respiratory illness and darken skies, making visibility difficult. Lahar, which is a combination of volcanic debris and water, can erode riverbanks, and destroy infrastructure and buildings.
Volcanic eruptions
81
These hazards could be in the form of overexploitation of natural resources, such as irresponsible mining, and conflicts that arise due to intrusions into protected areas or ancestral domains. Crimes, terrorism, warfare, and pandemics are other examples of hazards caused by humans.
Man made hazards
82
combination of the probability of an event happening and its negative consequences," (Del Carmen CLUP). It is the potential loss of lives, health status, livelihood, assets, and services that may be brought about by a disaster on a community for a period of time
Risk
83
This is an unacceptable risk
High
84
This is a manageable risk and happens when an impact may result in injury, displacement,
Moderate
85
low to moderate impact; when the impact may cause minor inconvenience and property damage,
Low
86
can be defined as a "serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its resources,"
Disaster
87
"the systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies policies and improved coping capacities to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster,"
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
88
What ra is DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
10121
89
the outright avoidance of the adverse impacts of hazards and disasters. They consist of actions taken in advance, such as the observance of easements, prohibition of construction in high-risk areas, such as flood catch basins and along fault lines, imposing building height limits in the vicinity of airports, and engineering designs.
Prevention
90
lessening or reduction of the adverse effects of hazards and disasters. The purpose of this is to prevent the occurrence of disasters in the future.
Mitigation
91
refers to the knowledge and capacities of governments, organizations, communites, and individuals to effectively anticipate, resend to, and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent, or current hazards events or conditions.
Preparedness
92
provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety, and meet the basic subsistence of the affected people or victims.
Response
93
the restoration and improvement where appropriate of facilities, livelihood, and living conditions in the affected areas, in accordance with principles of "build back better"
Recovery
94
"are measures that ensure the ability of affected areas to restore their normal functions by rebuilding livelihood and damaged infrastructure, and increasing the communities' organizational capacity,"
Rehabilitation
95
Opposite of resilience is
Vulnerability
96
include women and children, the elderly, PWDs, ethnic communities (RA No. 10121), and people living in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas
Vulnerable group
97
may come in the form of legal measures, such as laws and local ordinances. It also encompasses engineering techniques and hazard-resistant construction, and improved environmental policies and public awareness
Mitigation
98
refer to areas prone to natural hazards, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, storm surges.
Environmentally constrained areas
99
include heavy industries (steel mills, petrochemical plants, etc.), resource extractive industries (mining, quarrying, etc.), infrastructure projects (dams, highways, etc.), and golf courses
ECP
100
cover strict nature reserves, natural parks, national monuments, wildlife sanctuary, protected landscapes and seascapes, resource reserves, natural biotic areas, and others established by law, conventions, and international agreements
Protected areas