SCIENCE 2.0

100問 • 1年前

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scope: metaphysics, philosophy, practical technologies usually accomplished by people then and now

indigenous Science

may connote traditional and nonscientific knowledge because it includes superstitious beliefs and practices which maybe products of human imagination.

indigenous knowedge

Examples of Indigenous Science

knowledge in observing animal behavior to predict weather conditions and seasons • traditional health habit pracfices • the use of herbal medicine • knowledge on preserving foods • preservation and selection of good seeds for planting • building irrigation system • classifying different types of soil for planting • making wines and juices from fruits • local methods of growing vegetables in the yard • indigenous method of calculating or estimating • knowledge on mineral resources found in the community • making products such as vinegar, cheese, and nata de coco

This was used by people then, to fight against intruders and Spaniards.

yoyo

Product of the creative mind of PEDRO FLORES, an undergraduate law student at that time.

yoyo

Who made yoyo

pedro flores

Americans mass produced the product which became one of the most distinct toys in history.

yoyo

Invented by Fe del Mundo, the first Asian student at the Harvard University's School of Medicine

medical incubator

purposely invented to regulate the body temperature of newborn babies.

medical incubator

purposely invented to regulate the body temperature of newborn babies.

medical incubator

National Scientist and Inventor

dr. fe del mundo

Out of 2 laundry baskets which were placed one inside the other. Provided with hot water all around between the baskets to make warmth available to them

medical incubator

Discovered by Dr. Abelardo Aguilar Produced by the bacterium Streptomyces erythreus found in the soil in Iloilo

erythmycin

Erythromycin

Dr. Abelardo Aguilar

Discovered by Ruperta David/ Aling tenta Accidentally discovered when she noticed that some of the salted fish that she stored in a jar turned into fragments and these fragments turned into liquid

patis or fish sauce

Patis

Ruperta David/ Aling Tentay

created another flavor after discovering tomato catsup

maria orosa y ylagan

Filipinos love this condiment for fried food served on the table.

banana cataup

From cashew nuts and other local herbs to treat basal skin carcinoma which is the most prevalent type of skin cancer

anticancer cream

Developed by Rolando de la Cruz

a Filipino who developed a cream to treat basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

Rolando C. Dela Cruz

developed the first single chip graphical user interface accelerator

Diosdado Banatao

Allows computer to make graphical presentation using graphics for commands Data processing made quicker using small chip instead of large board.

16 bit microchip - diosdado banatao

Cream for warts and moles on skin

mole remover

Mole remover

rolando dela cruz

individual person that makes up the society and is responsible for the researches and innovations available today.

human being

Aristotle) rational animal because he can think and use reason consistently;creature whose destiny is to live in the spiritual world and physical world; made up of material body and spiritual soul, with a belief on the existence and to live in the kingdom of God.

man

Characteristics of Humans that Evolved Over Time

Early records of humanity showed that humans evolved from four-legged species to walking upright individuals

Walking Upright*

stones, wood, bone, ivory, metal, fire, bronze

use of diff tools

The early humans who were hunters and gatherers started settling in one place and learned to tame animals.

Domestication of animals

Short bodies and long guts b. Tall bodies and short gut c. Compact bodies and short gut d. Bones were sleeker and weaker

changes in human bodies

As humans evolved, the brain size tripled, and became the largest and most complex of any living primate.

complexities of brain

They used pigments, paintings, carvings for communication. They jewelry to reflect identity.

Use of language & symbols

Social life

Support for each other b. Formation of social groups c. Formation of a culture d. Regulation of policies and standards e. Achieving a common goal

Achieve self actualization to be part of community. Rights to achieve his or her personal goals but as a group there is same goals. Satisfy needs, psychological, emotional

human flourishing

there is ultimate goals to fulfill certain needs, theres an end to all action that we perform and desire for ourselves, once we go there, eudaimonia, flourishing "There is an end to all the actions that we perform which we desire for itself."

aristotle

Highest good of human endeavors

Eudaimonia Flourishing Happiness

human flourishing is not only based on happiness of individuals alone, but also on psychological well- being.(E.P. Seligman)

well being theory

Perma

…..

Includes pleasure, ecstasy, warmth, comfort that contribute to the "pleasant life".

positive emotion

All about flow; being one with music, time stopping, and loss of self-consciousness during an absorbing activity.

engagement

Feeling experienced when we are in a relationship or with other people.

relationship

Meaningful life" like belonging to and serving something that you believe is bigger than you are.

meaning

Something that is successful, or that is achieved after a lot of work or efforts.

accomplishment

generally not alone, always to be part of community

human

interacting individuals, groups sharing a common goal

society

Depended on the resources available in nature. They used tools which they made themselves (stones, wood, bone, ivory).

Hunter-gatherer Societ

EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SOCIETY

After they learned how to tame animals and grow crops. Marked the beginning of an agricultural society.

Shifters & Farmers

Learned the process of mining using metallic hand tools. Discovered coal gas and oil used in cooking Opened the door to industrialization.

manufacturing stage

Technologies are eventually used for producing synthetic food and for recycling resources to satisfy increasing humanNeeds

Future man- made World

based on the concept of waves where each propels the older societies and cultures aside

SOCIETY CLASSIFICATION

replaced the hunters and gatherers society

forst wave

>Trial & error

1st wave

industrial revolution until WWII

2nd wave

>technologies based on mass production, mass consumption, mass distribution and weapons of mass destruction

2nd wave

post-industrialized society after WWII >modern technologies based on computers and robotics >Scientific-technological evolution

3rd wave

CLASSIFICATION TECHNOLOGY ACCORDING PROCESS

involves processes that could create or generate, convert and distribute energy. Ex. oil, coal, geothermal, hydroelectric, nuclear fusion, solar energy

energy

involves design, fabrication, invention of instruments, tools, gadgets and machines. Ex. motor, engines, plow, mills, robots, laser, computer-c machines

EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGY

concerned with tools and gadgets to distribute information. manage, process and Ex. typwriter, books, newspaper, television, telephone, cellphone, radio, printer

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

make technological advancements that benefit human race terms of health and food security

life technology

Ex animal breeding, herbal medicines, surgery, vaccine, transplant, genetic engineering

life technology

concerned with extraction, fabrication and synthesis of materials Ex. steel, plastics, brass, iron, copper, ceramics, aluminums, polymers, synthetics

materials

TECHNOLOGIES KEEP CHANGING THROUGH

substitution & diffusion

when technologies used for a long time are replaced by the new and better version Ex. stereo type radio > cassette tape recorder > component > VHS > DVD Ex. telephone > cellphone

substitution

when technologies are adopted by individuals even after innovations come If technology has been adopted, individuals could be informed and eventually could communicate because of the interaction between and among them

diffusion

NATIONS THAT DO NOT INVEST MUCH IN S&T WOULD REMAIN UNDERDEVELOPED AND WILL BE LEFT BEHIND."

….

National development indicators

measure either of all the income earned within the country or all the expenditures within the country.

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)

average income earned by a person in a particular city, region or country.

PER CAPITA INCOME

way of measuring the economic status and quality of life in different areas.

PER CAPITA INCOME

measure of how the total gross domestic product of the country is equally distributed among its members. could tell the distribution of individuals considered rich or poor.

INCOME DISTRIBUTION

increase in the country's total economic activity. sum of all the goods and services produced in a country per year by its people

GROWTH RATE OF GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP)

employment rate or the measure at which all the available labor resources are being utilized ->70% is high: <50% is low

PERCENTAGE OF EMPLOYMENT

sum total of all the men and women who are able to work, be employed or unemployed

STRUCTURE OF LABOR FORCE

average number of years an individual or a group of people are expected to live

HUMAN LIFE EXPECTANCY

percentage of people living in urbanized area not depending upon agricultural products and other government services

PERCENTAGE OF URBAN POPULATION

trait or quality that is deemed to be morally good and thus, is valued as a foundation of principle

virtue

a trait of mind or character that helps us achieve a good life, which is a life in accordance with reason (ARISTOTLE)

virtue

CATEGORIES OF VIRTUE

virtues of the mind such as the ability to understand, reason and make sound judgement. It may be taught like logic and mathematics by teachers.

Intellectual Virtues

1. Intelligence or insight 2. Scientific knowledge by demonstration or conclusion 3. Wisdom 4. Artistic endeavor through the guidance of reason 5. Prudence (common sense)

Not innate, rather they are acquired through repetition and practice, like learning a musical instrument. Over a period of time, virtues become second nature.

moral values

Moral values

1. Courage 2. Temperance 3. Liberality 4. Generosity 5. Pride 6. Right ambition 7. Patience 8. Truthfulness 9. Wittiness 10. Friendliness 11. Modesty

a positive, enjoyable, or worth seeking mental state that gives a feeling of satisfaction and enjoyment ex. replacing existing cellphone, eating chocolates "Satisfying wants give people pleasure." This feeling however also subsides.

pleasure

state of well-being and contentment that encompasses living a good life with a sense of meaning and deep satisfaction

happiness

Feeling that people experience when life is at its best product of pleasure and a life well-lived (Aristotle) achieved by eliminating negative pain and displeasure higher level of satisfaction

happiness

is unstable and motivated by external facors;

pleasure

is constant and generated within.

happiness

is an item or service that may be consumed without reducing the amount available for others, and cannot be withheld from those who do not pay for it.

public good

TYPES OF PUBLIC GOODS (4)

…

Non-rival & non-excludable -Participation of one does not exclude others from participating NATIONAL SECURITY EDUCATION HEALTH SERVICES TRADE & INDUSTRY STREET LIGHTS LAW & ORDER

Public" Public Goods

set up by private sector either solely or in participation of the government since private sector sees it as profitable - had rivalry and excludability IF YOU SELL PRODUCTS NOT CONSUMABLE FOR ALL, ONLY THOSE WITH MONEY CAN AVAIL.

Private" Public Good

undertaken by private organizations or civil societies for the common good of the communal or national public with no profit -service-oriented

Mixed" Public Goods

negative goods avoided or not tolerated by both public & private sectors CORRUPTION POLLUTION CRIMES

Public "Bads"

are inclined to seek a deeper sense of happiness than mere notions of pleasure and the absence of pain."

human beings

100

human flourishing"; a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous

eudaimonia

MULTICULTURAL

rhyzza sanpedro · 135問 · 3年前

MULTICULTURAL