How mechvent work

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4 BASIC FUNCTIONS OF VENTILATORS

input power power transmission and conversion control system output (pressure, volume, flow waveform)

The power source for a ventilator is either:

electrical energy compressed gas

An electrically powered ventilator uses voltage from an electrical line outlet.

electrical energy

A pneumatically powered ventilator uses compressed gas as its power source.

compressed gas

power transmission and conversion The power transmission and conversion system consists of:

drive mechanisms output control mechanism

Generates the actual force needed to deliver gas under pressure. Drive mechanisms can be either: (1) a direct application of compressed gas via a pressure-reducing valve (2) an indirect application via an electrical motor or compressor.

drive mechanisms

Regulates the flow of gas to the patient. It may be a simple on/off exhalation valve. Alternatively, the output control valve can shape the output waveform. Commonly used output control valves include the pneumatic diaphragm, electromagnetic poppet/plunger valve,

output control mechanism

4 CONTROL SYSTEM

control circuit control variable phase variable baseline variable

A system of components that measures and directs the output of the ventilator to replace or assist the breathing efforts of the patient A ventilator control circuit may include mechanical, pneumatic, electrical, electronic, or fluidic components.

control circuit

The primary variables that the ventilator manipulates to cause inspiration. Pressure Volume Flow

control variable

Influence diagram for volume-controlled ventilation

control variable

3 phase variables

trigger variable target variable cycle variable

phase variables: trigger variable: 1. 2. 3.

Time Triggering Pressure Triggering Flow Triggering

is one that can reach and maintain a preset level before inspiration ends but does not terminate inspiration. Pressure, flow, or volume can serve as a target variable.

target variable

The inspiratory phase always ends when some variable reaches a preset value. The variable that is measured and used to end inspiration is called the cycle variable. The cycle variable can be pressure, volume, flow, or time.

cycle variable

is the parameter controlled during expiration. Although pressure, volume, or flow could serve as the baseline variable, pressure control is the most practical and is implemented by all modern ventilators.

baseline variable

To understand ventilator-patient interaction, output waveforms must be examined. The output waveforms of interest during ventilatory support are pressure, volume, and flow.

OUTPUT (PRESSURE, VOLUME, AND FLOW WAVEFORMS

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