ventilation and Gas exchange

acid

base

acid

base

hydrogen ion

HCl

OH+

it is because it's concentration influence the activities of almost all cells in the body

ph unit

ph unit

buffer

buffer

alkalosis

acidosis

h

weak acids and weak bases

1. acid production 2. acid transportation 3. acid elimination or 1. acid is produced as a consequence of normal metabolism 2. acid is transported via blood 3. acid is eliminated via lungs and kidneys

kidneys

hydrogen ion

hydrochloric acid (HCl)

the faster the dissociation the stronger the acid

h2o

base can receive another hydrogen ion to form a weaker acid

40 nEq/L

physiologic ph should maintain its normal range because this is necessary to prevent enzyme the naturation or activation

foods

carbohydrates fats and proteins co2 and h2o

co2 h2o glucose

simple sugar which is the glucose

amino acids

glycerol and fatty acids

acetyl coa

atp, co2, h2o

volatile acid

non volatile acid

non volatile acid

co2

lactic acid acetoacetic acid hydroxybutyric acid h3po4

h2so4 hcl

extracellular

extracellular

protein and phosphate

1. plasma 2. hemoglobin 3. albumin

bicarbonate buffering system located in the extracellular

h2co3 - carbonic acid

hco3( bicarbonate) + h +( hydrogen ion)

enzyme (carbonic anhydrase)

lungs and kidney

proximal convoluted tubule distal convoluted tubule collecting ducts thick ascending loop of henle

descending and ascending thin limb of the loop of Henle

chemical buffering respiratory buffering renal buffering

body fluid buffer system respiratory center kidney

first line defense- chemical buffering second line defense-respiratory buffering third line defense-renal buffering

acidic

in the urine

6.8

8.0